Prokaryotic Reproduction and Population Growth

StudyBlue printing of Prokaryotic Reproduction and Population Growth html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Prokaryotic Reproduction and Population Growth: Read Section 27.1 and 27.2 Outline: Prokaryotes use only asexual mode of reproduction Mutations source of individual variation in prokaryotes Three modes of genetic recombination that resemble sex Three growth cycles of populations of Prokaryotes Overall rapid evolution and coevolution Course Objectives: -Strong relationship between structure and function at all levels -All life makes more of itself and the information for making living things is passed from generation to generation Prokaryotic Chromosome: -single chromosome, Haploid! -DOUBLE stranded and circular - also contains plasmid, double stranded -mutations are naturally occuring 10 6 nucleotides - consists of 4200 genes (5 times less than Eukaryotes) Genetic Recombination: produces new bacterial strains Transformation : uptake of naked DNA from environment (Refer to ppt. 4 slide 8) Fredrick Griffin experiment with Strep. pneumoniae S strain(Pathogenic) and R strain (Nonpathogenic) Heat killed S cells mixed with living R cells killed mouse! (cells dead but still has DNA) Pathogenic DNA was incorporated into genome of nonpathogenic DNA to produce naked DNA chromosome that carries pathogenic genetic material Transduction : viruses transfer genes between prokaryotes (Refer to ppt. 4 slide 9) Need a prokaryote and Virus (phage) with protein capside Phage infects bacterial cell, injects DNA; host DNA is hydrolyzed (cut up) into pieces and phage DNA and proteins are then made Occasionally bacterial (prok) cell DNA fragment is incorporated into phage capsid Phage leaves with bacterial DNA and lysis the bacterial cell; crossing over occurs as the Phage incorporates its DNA into another bacterial cell (crossing over) where recombination can occur and therefore infects other cells DNA Conjunction and sex pilus : cell to cell contact and transfer of plasmid's genes from one prokaryote to another (Refer to ppt. 4 slide 11) Male bacterial cell extends pili and attaches to female bacterial cell drawing her closer Conjugation begins when surface of a male cell makes contact with female cell and pilus forms Male pulls female closer (retracts) until in contact. where they touch forms a conjugation tube and a single strand of plasmid DNA passes through the tube single strand plasmid DNA in each cell serves as template for the formation of double stranded DNA Both cells have a double stranded plasmid both are female Overall due to transformation and transduction DNA has been transferred throughout the branches of lineage Binary Fission : cell division among prokaryotic cells (refer to ppt. 4 slide 13) DNA replication Cell elongation Septum formation (linkage between two almost complete cells) Completion of septum with formation of distinct walls Cell separation with both containing Double stranded DNA Population Growth of single celled Prokaryote : (refer to ppt. 4 slide 15) -Pop Growth Rate: change in cell number or cell mass per unit time -Generation: interval between 1 cell and formation of 2 cells -Generation time: time required to complete 1 generation Prokaryotes in the News : Dr. Craig Venter (Institute of Genomic Research); manipulating sets of genes as well as entire genomes uses whole portions of genes to assemble a complete new genome inserted synethic chromosome into cell wall and membrane and gets the cell function able to reconstruct genetic sequence Ultimate goal: to determine the minimal genome needed for life at the organismal level