Prologue
AP Psychology with Kuykendall at Shanghai American School Puxi Campus
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Structuralism
The study of the mind's parts in order to understand the whole.
(e.g. Edward Titchener)
Functionalism
The study of how our mental and behavioral processes function and work together.
(e.g. William James)
Behaviorism
"The scientific study of observable behavior."
(e.g. John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner)
Humanistic Psychology
Rebelled against Freudian psychology and behaviorism. Emphasized the importance of current environmental influences on our growth potential, and the importance of having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied.
Cognitive Neuroscience
Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language). PTML.
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Nature-Nurture Issue
The controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
Natural Selection
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce will be passed down.
Levels of Analysis
The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon. (e.g. we are composed of smaller systems - nervous system and body organs, still smaller - cells, molecules & atoms)
Biopsychosocial Approach
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and socio-cultural levels of analysis.
Biological Influences (Biopsychosocial Approach)
- natural selection of adaptive traits
- genetic predispositions responding to environment
- genetic predispositions responding to environment
- brain mechanisms
- hormonal influences
Psychological Influences (Biopsychosocial Approach)
- learned fears & other learned expectations
- emotional responses
- cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations
Social-Cultural Influences (Biopsychosocial Approach)
- presence of others
- cultural, societal, and family expectations
- peer and other group influences
- compelling models (media)
Neuroscience (Perspective)
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Evolutionary (Perspective)
How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes.
Behavior Genetics (Perspective)
How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences.
Psychodynamic (Perspective)
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
Behavioral (Perspective)
How we learn observable responses.
Cognitive (Perspective)
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
Socio-Cultural (Perspective)
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
Basic Research
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
Applied Research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems. (e.g. help companies select & train employees, boost morale & productivity, etc.)
Counseling Psychology
A branch of psychology assisting people with problems in living (e.g. school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
Clinical Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
Psychiatry
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who can provide medical (e.g. drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.
Wilhelm Wundt
Launched psychology's "first experiment" and the first psychological laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Sought to measure "atoms of the mind" through an experiment concerning people's reaction times from hearing a bell.
Edward Bradford Titchener
Wundt's student who introduced structuralism. he used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.
William James
Philosopher-psychologist thought it more fruitful to consider the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings; he was a functionalist.
Sigmund Freud
Emphasized the ways emotional responses to childhood experiences and our unconscious thought processes afect our behavior.
Charles Darwin
Wrote "The Origin of Species" explaining diversity of life by proposing evolutionary process of natural selection.
About this deck
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis