Chapter 5- Proteins Proteins Account for more than 50 percent of a dried cell Types and Function Enzymatic: selective acceleration of chemical reactions Structural: support Storage: Storage of amino acids Transport: transport of other substances Hormonal: coordination of an organism?s activities Receptor: response of cell to chemical stimuli Contractile and motor: movement Defensive: Protection against disease The function of proteins depend on their 3 dimensional structure Primary Structure: unique sequence of amino acids Dehydration reaction Secondary Structure: coils and folds due to hydrogen bonds Alpha helix (bonding of every 4th amino acid backbone) Beta pleated sheet (bondng of the backbone of two strands) Tertiary Structure: 3-D shape due to interactions between R groups Hydrophobic side chains glob together on the inside Quaternary Structure: Many polypeptides Interactions between multiple proteins Denaturation: protein loses its shape and function (can be due to temp or pH, etc) Chaperonin: protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of other proteins Polypeptides are composed from a set of 20 amino acids Formed by dehydration reactioncs(OH from carboxyl and H from amino) Called peptide bonds Amino acids are composed of a carbon attached to a carboxyl group, hydrogen, an amino group, and a side chain (R).
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