Psych 250 Chapter 3 Definitions (Exam 1)

permits food and oxygen to reach the organism and waste products to be carried away 

it contains one large vein that delivers blood loaded with nutrients and two arteries that remove waste products

implantation through the 8th week of pregnancy. The groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs during this time period.

the ectoderm folds over to form this, which will become the spinal cord and brain

layer of cells that will become the nervous system and skin

will develop the muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, and other internal organs

will become the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, and glands

9th week until the end of pregnancy *longest prenatal period. "Growth and finishing" phase, the organism increases rapidly in size

prenatal development is developed into three equal periods

protects the baby's skin from chapping during the long months spent bathing in the amniotic fluid

white, downy hair that appears over the entire body; helping the vernix stick to the skin

the point at which a fetus can first survive; occurs sometime between 22 and 26 weeks 

refers to any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period

a term encompassing a range of physical, mental and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposure

slow physical growth, a pattern of three facial abnormalities (short eyelid openings, a thin upper lip, and a smooth or flattened philtrum or indentation...), and brain injury (memory, language, and communication, attention span and activity level, planning and reasoning, motor coordination, or social skills)

two fo the three facial abnormalities, brain injury

at least three areas of mental functioning are impaired, despite typical physical growth and absence of facial abnormalities.  

When the mother is Rh-negative and the father is Rh-positive, the baby may inherit the father's Rh- positive blood type. If even a little of a fetus's Rh-positive blood crosses the placenta into the mother's rh-neg bloodstream, she begins to form antibodies to the foreign Rh protein. If these enter the fetus's system, they destroy red blood cells- reducing oxygen supply for healthy development

1. dilation and effacement of the cervix

used to assess the newborn's physical condition quickly ;ratings of 0,1, and 2, checked at 1min after birth and 5min. Want a score of 7 or better to be considered in good physical condition; 4-6 baby needs help with breathing and other vital signs; 3 or below = serious danger and requires emergency medical attention

group of techniques aimed at reducing pain and medical intervention and making childbirth as rewarding an experience as possible

inadequate oxygen supply that causes brain damage

baby is turned so that the buttocks or feet would be delivered first. umbilical can also be wrapped around the baby's neck at this time

electronic instruments that track the baby's heart rate during labor

a surgical birth; the doctor makes an incision in the mother's abdomen and lifts the baby out of the uterus

infants are those born several weeks or more before their due date

babies are below their expected weight considering length of pregnancy

an inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation

or degrees of sleep and wakefulness

the infant is at full rest and shows little or no body activity. the eyelids are closed, no eye movements occur, the face is relaxed, and breathing is slow and regular. (8-9 hours)

gentle limb movements, occasional stirring, and facial grimacing occur. Although the eyelids are closed, occasional rapid eye movement can be seen beneath them. Breathing is irregular (8-9 hours)

the infant is either falling asleep or waking up. Body is less active than in irregular sleep, but more active than in reg. sleep. the eyes open and close; when open, they have a glazed look. Breathing is even but somewhat faster than in regular sleep. (varies)

the infant's body is relatively inactive, with eyes open and attentive. Breathing is even. (2-3 hours)

the infant shows frequent bursts of uncoordinated body activity. Breathing is very irregular. Face may be relaxed or tense and wrinkled. Crying may occur. (1-4 hours) 

brain wave activity is remarkably similar to that of the waking state. The eyes dart beneath the lids; heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing are uneven; and slight body movements occur

the body is almost motionless, and heart rate, breathing, and brain-wave activity are slow and even