Psych 413

Psychology 413 with Macdonald at University of Wisconsin - Madison

About this deck

By: Katie Goswitz
Textbook:

The Psychology of Language
Created: 2010-12-14
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 111

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj

Sign up (free) to study this.

age of acquisition in second language learning

-the older a person gets the more difficult time they have learning a second language

-not time sensitive however and a person can learn any language at any age

canonical babbling

utterance of linguistic sounds without any meaning attached (6 months)

reduplicated babbling

bababababa

-form of canonical babbling

variegated babbling

bababubi

-form of canonical babbling

conversational babbling

- increase babbling sounds of language environment

- decrease babbling sounds not in their linguistic environment

10 months

bilingualism

- language transfers: incorporation of a grammatical property into one language from the other

child directed speech

-speech directed at young children

-infants learn sentence segmentation from this and respond better to this talk than to adult speech

code switching

phenomenon in which bilinguals switch from one language to another and back again while conversing

conditioned head turn procedure

baby hears sound (k, k, k, k) and then is conditioned to turn head to see toy when they hear the sound change (g)

-baby turns head when sounds change and then toys light up

Context in ambiguity resolution

ex. - Mary touched the rough "bark"

-could be dog or tree

-within the context can resolve ambiguous words

double dissociation

two abilities are differentiated in the brain

-ability A and ability B if we find cases of good ability on A and poor ability on B and cases of poor ability on A and good ability on B

Feral Children

Genie: no language exposure or social interaction until 13

-could rhyme and understand phoneme differences

-could not produce complex sentences

Isabelle: found at age 6 and had normal language by age 7

Garden path sentence

"juvenile court to try shooting defendent"

-reading get misled and slows down comprehension

Overregularization

error in which a valid linguistic rule is applied to an exception word (somebody taked my candy)

-interference in word production

illocutionary force

the action that is performed in the act of uttering a particular sentence

speech act

utterance that has illocutionary force, that is performs an action

-act of marriage and announcing them husband and wife

latent semantic analysis

computer models used to understand how meaning is stored and used in comprehension

learning accounts of language acquisition

child pays attention to patterns and learns through this

innate accounts of language acquisition

-whole object bias

-mutual exclusivity

-taxonomic assumption

whole object bias

when a child sees a picture of something/s and attributes a word to the entire picture rather than just the specific object the word represents

mutual exclusivity

object can have only one name

-child sees apple and corkscrew and asked to show "dax"

-child picks corkscrew b/c it is a new object

taxonomic assumption

taxonomies rather than thematically related objects

-cow and milk more thematically related then cow and horse

- "lux" = cow and asked to point to another "lux"

- child points to horse over milk b/c it resembles cow more

levels of representation in speech production

message --> syntax level --> morphemic level --> phonological level --> articulation

machine translation

use of machines to translate from one language to another

-statistical and rule based are two types

rule based machine translation

translation systems based on linguistic info about source and target languages basically retrieved from (bilingual) dictionaries and grammars covering the main semantic, morphological, and syntactic regularities of each language

statistical machine translation

tries to generate language using statistical methods based on bilingual text corpora

methods used to study language acquistion

- diary studies by parents

- observation by experimenters

- interviewing child

- experiments

o habituation

o head turn

o games, puppet assisted interviews

- preferential looking, eye tracking

minimal attachment

o syntactic parsing strategy in which we try to construct the simplest phrase structure tree possible for a sentence

late closure

o syntactic parsing strategy in which we try to attach new sentence elements to the most recently processed phrase

one stage view of non literal language interpretation

literal and figurative interpretive processes are closely intertwined so interpretation of figurative language need not await determination of the literal meaning

“Martha’s relationship with Jack is over” (time not distance related)

three stage view of non literal language interpretation

1. determine literal interpretation of sentence

2. determine if literal interpretation is sensible in the context of utterance

3. if the literal interpretation not fully understandable in context, then infer a non-literal interpretation

overextension

a child’s usage of a word to refer to a wider set of referents than the word’s real meaning allows

overregularization

1. child says went, held

2. child changes to goed, holded

3. child eventually goes back to went, held

pidgin

a simplified, rudimentary communication system that is developed when speakers of different languages must cooperate

creole

type of language that develops among children whose language exposure consists of a rudimentary language, or pidgin

types of speech errors

TOT

word exchange errors

sound exchange errors

bound and free morpheme errors

tip of the tongue phenomenon

when a person is giving a definition and tries to say word but cannot come up with it

word exchange errors

"i wrote a mother to my letter" --> word exchange same word type not nearby words

sound exchange errors

spoonerisms

typically nearby words

bound and free morphemes

move independently in errors

"slicely thinned"

spoonerisms

speech error involving phoneme exchange

-"you hissed my mystery lecture"

stages of language acquistion (6)

1. cooing (4 months)

2. canonical babbling (6+ months)

3. conversational babbling (10 months)

4. one word utterances (1 year)

5. two word state (2 years)

6. two plus years = more morphology

transfer effects in bilingual acquisition

incorporation of grammatical property from one language to another

Visual world studies

suggest that nonsyntactic info – visual information from the environment – can affect the initial parsing of spoken sentences

-salt shaker on envelope example

About this deck

By: Katie Goswitz
Textbook:

The Psychology of Language
Created: 2010-12-14
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 111

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj