Psych Ch.1

Psychology with Hart at Columbus High School

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By: Kennedy Larson
Created: 2011-09-11
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 3

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Psychology

The scientific study of human and animal behavior (overt) and mental processes (covert)

Theory

General framework for scientific study

Empirical evidence

Information gained from direct observation

Research psychologists

Study the origin, cause, or results of certain behaviors

Applied psychologists

Make practical use of the findings of research psychologists

Charles Darwin

1859 - suggested that animals evolved and changed

Inspired science to study animals to learn about humans

Wilhelm Wundt

"the father of psychology"

1879 - first lab for studying humans

Showed that the mind CAN be measured scientifically

Sensation experiments

Structuralism (Wilhelm Wundt)

Break the human mind down into parts

Relied on inrospection

The structure of mental life

William James

Harvard professor and none of the founders of American psychology

Published 1,400 page psych textbook

Each person perceives the world slightly differently

Natural selection

Functionalism (William James)

Interested in how the mind functions to help us adapt and survive

Tried to understand thinking as a changing stream rather than a series of "building blocks"

John Watson

Objective observation of behavior

Little Albert - rats & pots and pans

"We are what we learn to be"

Wrote a book on child rearing/associated with learning theory

Behaviorism (John Watson)

Observing relation between stimuli and responses

Impact of learning on human emotion

How we think & feel depends on connections & associations we have made

B.F. Skinner

Behaviorist

Studied animals almost exclusively

Our behavior is controlled by the consequences of our responses to stimuli

Mental events not needed to explain behavior

Gestalt Psychology

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts."

Influenced the study of perception and personality

Sigmund Freud

Interested in how personality develops, what can go wrong with it, and how to fix it.

Unconcious thoughts & desires influence behavior (sex and aggression)

Psychoanalytic Psychology (Sigmund Freud)

Personality problems can be traced to first 5 or 6 years

Unconcious thoughts & desires influence behavior

-freaudian slip

Humanism (Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow)

Goal of psychology is to study unique aspects of the person (subjective); their potentials, problems, and ideals.

Reject determinism - - promote free will

Carl Rogers

Humanist

Self-image - Your perception of your own body, personality, and capabilities

Abraham Maslow

Humanist

Self-actualization - Fully developing one's potentials & becoming the best person possible

Repression

When threating thoughts are unconciously held out of awareness (related to psychoanalytic psychology)

Experiments

Conducted in order to identify cause-and-effect relationships

-Directly vary a condition you might think affects behavior

-Create two or more groups of subjects

-Record whether varying the condition (variables) has any effect on behavior

Independent Variables

Condition(s) altered by the experimenter; experimenter sets their size, amout, or value; these are suspected cuases for behavioral differences

-"IF" in the hypothesis ("if"...then")

Dependent Variables

Demonstrates effects that independent variables have on behavior, the measure of change

-"THEN" in the hypothesis ("if...then")

Experimental Group

The group of subjects that gets the independent variable.

Control Group

The group of subjects that gets all conditions EXCEPT the independent variable.

Random assignment/sampling

Subject has an equal chance of being in either the control group or the experimental group.

Single-blind study

Subjects don't know which group they are in.

Double-blind study

Subjects and experimenter don't know which subjects are in what group.

Lab experiment

Experiment conducted in a controlled setting, researchers can be completely objective.

Field experiment

Experiment conducted in a "field" setting, more realistic than a lab but less control of variables.

Survey method

Method in which you gather info on feelings and opinions; sample may not be representative of population etc; questions may not be completely objective

Interview

Method in which face-to-face questions are asked; subject's responses may not be completely honest

Naturalistic observation

Study subjects in natural enviroment without them knowing they are being studied

Case-study method

Method in which questions are asked to find out information about a person's background.

Longitudinal Study

Study the same group of people over an extended period of time; most expensive type of study

Cross-sectional study

Study different age groups at the same time to determine changes that occur during their lifespan

Ethical Principles

1)Right to decline or withdraw

2)Open and honest about experiment (if able to)

3)Confidential about personal information

4)Risk assessment-physical or mental undesired consequences

About this deck

By: Kennedy Larson
Created: 2011-09-11
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 3

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis