Psych test 2

when people like something because of what it is associated with. (Tiger Woods and gatorade or Nike--Ben)

• any process or experience that causes a more or less permanent change in your behavior

• conditioned responding that had disappeared in extinction is recovered spontaneously with the passage of time

• a treatment for replacing a positive reaction to a harmful stimulus, such as alcohol, with something negative, such as feeling nauseated. Replaces positive associations with negative ones

• Environmental agents, such as disease organisms or drugs, that can potentially damage the developing embryo or fetus

• a research design in which the same people are studied or tested repeatedly over time

• research design in which people of different ages are compared at the same time

• Schemata revolve around the visible world and sensory and motor abilities

• Believed that people move through stages of moral development—would give people a dilemma, ask them to solve it, and use their reasoning to help identify their state of moral development

• language not only shapes how we think but also how we perceive the world
• ex: if your language lacks color terms to distinguish between blue and green, you would have a difficult telling colors apart on a color test

• class of objects (people, places, or things) that most people agree belong together—allow us to infer invisible properties about objects and make predictions about the future

• set of features necessary to make objects acceptable members of a category

• the best or most representative member of a category (such as robin for the category “bird”)

• problem with a well-stated goal, clear starting point, and a relatively easy way to tell when a solution has been obtained

• a problem, such as the search for “happiness”, that has no well-stated goal, no clear starting point, and no mechanism for evaluating progress

• rules of thumb we use to solve problems; can usually be applied quickly, but they do not guarantee that a solution will be found
• general guideline that works pretty well but does not ALWAYS work

• a general knowledge structure, stored in long term memory, that relates to social experiences or people
• ex. how you talk to people: babies-baby talk, old people-louder and slower

• attributing the cause of a person’s behavior to an external event or situation in the environment

• attributing the cause of a person’s behavior to an internal personality trait or disposition

• does the change occur consistently with the causal event?

• change occur uniquely in presence of causal event?

• do other people show similar reactions to same causal event?

• When people seek to interpret someone else’s behavior, they tend to overestimate the influence of internal personal factors and underestimate the role of situational factors

• Overall tendency to make internal attributions about others behaviors (disposition), and external attributions about your own behavior (circumstance)

• Overall tendency to make internal attributions about one’s own behavior when the outcome is positive and to blame the situation when one’s behavior leads to something negative

• represents what people know or believe about the object of their attitude

• feelings that the object produces

• predisposition to act toward the object in a particular way

• The tension produced when people act in a way that is inconsistent with their attitudes

You can imagine objects and people but not the actions of these objects or people

Taste aversion

The genetic stage

Everyone with antisocial personality disorder displayed conduct disorder as an adolescent

Special abilities are common among those with autism

Cognitive dissonance

Social facilitation

She has never had any exposure to it

Consensus, Distinctiveness, Consistency

A few seconds after the telephone rings

Understands object permanence and Has not yet mastered the concept of

object permanence

Egocentrism