PSYCH_45_4-14.docx

PSYCH 45lecture 4/14/2011 Thursday, April 14, 2011 9:36 AM Wagner: Cognitive Control Automatic and controlled processing Automatic Rapid Controlled Slower Selection/inhibition: go/no -go tasks Response speed is emphasized Freq of no-go (X) trials is low Responding is pre-potent (response prepared prior to stimulus onset) Need to override/inhibit prepared response Set shifting: rule switch task Plus-minus task Group 1: +3 Group 2: -3 Group 3: alternate +/-3 Additional demands of switch condition need to represent both task rules, shifting which has current priority Or Need to represent one task rule, then shift to retrieve/reinstate the other task And Need to overcome interference from prior task rule Updating WM tasks Keep track task Presented 15 words, 2-3 from each category (animals, colors, countries, distances, metals, relatives?) Task: remember last word presented in each category Need to maintain the categories and the most recent exemplar from each category Need to categorize each new item encountered Need to update the item being maintained for the category Multiple cognitive control processes Miyake et al 2000 Three factor model: shifting, updating and inhibition   Review sessions Thursday 4/14 @ 7:30-9pm, Jordan Hall Room 40 Monday, 4/14 @ 4-5:30pm, Jordan Hall Room 40 Midterm Rooms Last Name A-M 380-380C   Neurobiology of cognitive control: the Frontal Executive System PFC (prefrontal cortex) supports perception-action mapping Long held dogma: PFC is proportionally larger in humans Increased connectivity in humans Frontal-posterior cortex Cognitive control and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex PFC lesions: deficits in cognitive control Increased distractibility Perseverative thoughts, response tendencies Inability to inhibit inappropriate responses Inability to maintain information in the face of interface Difficulty planning ahead, strategizing Inactivity/initiation difficulties Utilization Behavior vs. Imitation Behavior Models of prefrontal cortex Two-stage Model Petrides; Smith & Jonides Ventrolateral PFC First level of processing Interaction with information held in posterior association areas Retrieval and maintenance of activated LTM representations Dorsolateral PFC Second level of processing Monitoring, manipulation, and selection of information in WM Functional neuroimaging evidence ACC Biased-Competition Model Desimone & Duncan; Miller & Cohen Bottom-up: stimulus driven Top-down: goal directed Regulating cognitive control How do you alter the degree of control? You pay closer attention to the road if you're driving while it's raining as compares to while it's sunny You pay even closer attention if it's raining and dark out, than if it's raining but light out Need a mechanism that monitors or detects need for control Conflict monitoring, anterior cingulate cortex and cognitive control