Q3 Exam 1
Geography 1264 with Trigoso at University of Denver
About this deck
By: Corinne Hall
Created: 2012-04-11
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 7
Created: 2012-04-11
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 7
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Most Common Core Elements
Oxygen (47%)
Silicon (28%)
Aluminum (8%)
Mineral
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and definite chemical composition.
rock
an aggregate of minerals
igneous rock
rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies
Intrusive Igneous Rock
igneous rock that formed below Earth's surface.
Extrusive Igneous Rock
Igneous rock that has formed on earths surface.
Felsic rocks
poor in iron and magnesium; high in silica; crystallize at lower temperatures; light in color; granite
mafic rock
a dark-colored igneous rock containing minerals rich in iron and magnesium and relatively poor in silica.
igneous intrusive
coarse crystals
dull w/ shiny crystals, no layers, pink, black
Felsic intrusive igneous rock
igneous
Large crystals
Intrusive
- Igneous Intrusive
- Mafic composition
Felsic, extrusive
Igneous
Extrusive
Dark, extrusive, mafic
form through the accumulation and compaction of sediment
Clay
<.002 mm
Shale
Silt
.002–.05 mm
Siltstone
Sand
.05-2.0 mm
Sandstone
Gravel
>2.0 mm
Conglomerate
depositional environment
conditions present at the time and place that sediment was deposited
Organic, made of coral
CaCO3
Biochemical sedimentary
decomposed and altered remains of plants deposited in marshes, swamps, etc.
metamorphic rock
great heat or pressure on a rock changes its form
often have striations
Limestone metamorphosis
Marble
Shale metamorphosis
Slate
Sandstone metamorphosis
Quartzite
Granite metamorphosis
Gneiss
A model that illustrates the origin of the three basic rock types
Crust, Upper Mantle, Asthenosphere
Continental Crust
Density ~2.7
Felsic (Granite)
Solid, brittle
Ocean Crust
Density ~3.0
Mafic (Basalt)
Solid, brittle
Upper Mantle
Density ~3.3
Ultramafic (Peridotite)
Solid, brittle
Asthenosphere
Density ~3–3.5
Ultramafic
Solid, plastic
Plates moving apart.
Molten rock of the asthenosphere fills in the gap.
Most are found on the ocean floor (MID OCEAN RIDGE)
i.e. Iceland
where two or more tectonic plate move toward each other and colide resulting in volcanoes and earthquakes.
Transform Boundary
plates move past each other horizontally
Divergent Land Forms
- Rift Valleys
- Block Mountains (middle material falls down)
Convergent Land Forms
- Cascade mountains
- Ring of Fire (perimeter of Pacific)
- Aleutian Islands
- creates large & deep earthquakes
Transform Land Forms
San Andreas Fault; frequent earthquakes
Rocky Mountains
No one f*cking knows
MidAtlantic Ridge
huge mountain range in the atlantic ocean caused by divergent plates
nazca plate
Nazca subduct under S. America creating Andes Mountains
Cocos Plate
collides w/ Caribbean Plate and creates volcanic mountains
FAHVS
Felsic
Andesite (Rhyolite)
High Viscosity & Silica
MayBeLoVeS
Mafic
Basalt
Low Viscosity & Silica
•Smooth, ropy flows
•Low viscosity
•High gas content
•Low viscosity
•High gas content
forms a thick ,brittle crust as it cools the crust is torn into sharp pieces as lava moves underneath it
Volcanic Materials
- lava flows - molten rock moves overground
- pyroclastic debris - fragments blown out of volcano
- volcanic gases - vapor & aerosols that exit a volcano
Flood Basalt
Crystallized lava at the Earth's surface that was extruded from a fissure to form a plateau
a highly heated mixture, largely of ash and pumice fragments, traveling down the flanks of a volcano or along the surface of the ground
Ash
Forcefully ejected into atmosphere
size of silt/sand
Ash fall = sedimentary rock
Caldera
- Large craters formed from the collapse of a volcano into the former magma chamber
crater
A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening.
Lahar
Volcanic mudflow; quick moving body of water, sediment, more fatalities than slow-moving lava
Slopes of 2º-10º
Less explosive eruptions
Less viscous magma, flows easier
Steeper
result of more viscous, more explosive eruptions
Highest risk boundaries for earthquakes
Convergent & Transformation
Stress
physical force applied
Strain
bending/deformation of rocks, energy released when strain exceeds limit
Compressional
5-8 km/sec
Similar to sound waves
Shear or translational
3-5 km/sec
Measuring earthquakes
Seismograph
Time gap between arrivals of P and S-waves:
•Determines distance to epicenter
•Further from epicenter, greater the time gap
Intersection of circles
epicenter
point on earth's surface directly above focus
focus
point underground where the fault first moved
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
a 12-point scale developed to evaluate earthquake intensity based on the amount of damage to various structures
The Richter Magnitude Scale
A scale of earthquake intensity based on the recorded heights, or amplitudes, of the seismic waves recorded on a seismograph.
1.0 ∆ on the Richter scale...
33x more energy in the earthquake
Forecast
Statement of where & how often events occur
Prediction
Specific time & place an event will occur
Rare prediction factors for earthquakes
- Foreshocks
- Animal behavior
About this deck
By: Corinne Hall
Created: 2012-04-11
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 7
Created: 2012-04-11
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 7
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj