Q&A for Exam 2

Psychology 105 with Poerstel at University of North Carolina-Wilmington

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By: Alexandra Booker
Created: 2011-05-09
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 13

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The conversion of energy from the environment into a pattern of responses by the nervous system is called

sensation

Specialized sensory cells located in our sensory organs are called

receptors

The visual sensory cells are located on which structure of the eye?

Retina

Suppose we found someone with eyes that contained only cones and no rods. What should we expect to find about this person's vision?

impaired vision in dim lighting

Why can you see fine detail and color better if you look straight at an object than if you look out of the corner of your eye?

The object falls on the FOVEA, where there are many CONES

Which of the following claims about subliminal perception is true?

People's facial movements change depending on whether a happy, neutral, or angry face is presented subliminally

What does the olfactory sense detect?

Odors

Which of the following is NOT detected by the cutaneous senses?

the position and acceleration of the head

If could be argued that the direct connections between the olfactory receptors in the nose and the _______ account for the emotionality of olfactory memories

Amygdala/Limbic System

If some psychological characteristic or behavior depends to a large degree on ENVIRONMENT then we should expect to find that

adopted children resemble their adoptive parents but not their biological parents

T or F. Research on twins separated at birth has led scientists to begin identifying the exact genes that cause complex behaviors, such as hobbies, mate selection, and eventual career paths.

false

What was the major conclusion from the study we discussed that investigated the relative contribution of environment and genes in maze learning rats who were either bred to be maze "bright" or maze "dull" and reared in either restricted, normal, or enriched environments?

Both genetic tendencies and rearing environments influenced rats' ability to learn the maze. e.g. restricted environments impaired the bright rats' performance and enriched environments improved the dull rats' performance

An estimate of the variance (differences in behavior across indiv.) within a population that is DUE TO HEREDITY is known as ______ and ranges from 0 to 1

heritability

What evidence did Piaget demonstrate to support his idea that 6 month old children lack the concept of object permanence?

A child who watches the investigator cover a toy does not remove the cover to retrieve the toy

An investigator shows creates two rows with an equal number of M&Ms and then spreads out the candies in one of the rows-Kid says row with more spaces has more.

concept of conservation

in 1974 Harlow conducted a study about attachment with infant monkeys-cloth surrogate mothers and wire surrogate mothers. Results?

Monkeys preferred the cloth mothers even though the wire mother provided access to food.

The Strange Situation procedure is used to demonstrate

infant attachment behaviors

Mary Ainsworth described 4 general categories of attachment behaviors displayed by infants. Which is NOT one of those 4 categories

Neglected attachment

T or F. Longitudinal research has indicated that what is most important in terms of child rearing and parent. styles is that child is raised in home with biological mother and father

false

Which parenting style would fit the following description of parental behavior? Parents-little involvement and unaware

Neglectful

Psychologists define learning as

any change in behavior based upon experience

Classical conditioning occurs because of

the pairing of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) close in time

In classical conditioning, the process that removes or decreases a conditioned response (CR) is known as

extinction

When Ann was a college freshman, she was assigned to live in an old dorm. The plumbing-when taking a shower>flush toilet=hot water in shower. UCS, UCR, CS, CR

hot water, jumping back, toilet flush, jumping back

Little Albert study is classical conditioning of phobias. Scared of white rabbits, what is this?

Generalization

Why did Thorndike conclude that his cats learned gradually by strengthening certain response tendencies rather than understanding or insight

the cats increased their speed of escaping from one trial to the next gradually, not suddenly

A different between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that in operant conditioning

the individuals responses control the consequences (reinforcement or punishment)

What do positive punishment and negative punishment have in common?

they both weaken/decrease future occurrences of a behavior

Mother gives daughter candy with temper tantrum>tantrums increase. Operant process?

Mom: Negative reinforcement; daughter: positive reinforcement

Which of the following is the pairing of reinforcement schedule and "real world" example is correct?

Fixed Interval (FI) schedule... getting paid every 2 weeks

A couple stargazes, hoping to see a shooting star (relative period of time) What schedule of reinforcement is this an example of?

Variable interval

B.F. Skinner- rat to raise flag and salute-reinforcing closer approximations. This case involved ___ procedures.

shaping

What type of operant conditioning? George does heroin to get a rush and escape withdrawals.

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement

What type of operant conditioning? Zach suspended for cheating and will keep cheating to get suspended

Negative reinforcement

Which are processes that allow organisms to learn behaviors by first observing others (social learning)?

vicarious reinforcement, vicarious punishment, modeling, imitation

Remembering how to tie your shoes is an ex of a(n) ____ memory.

procedural

Recalling where you were and what you were doing Sept 11 is an ex of a(n) ____ memory.

episodic

If you glance at a bright scene on TV for a few seconds and close your eyes-see the exact image-image is said to be stored in your

sensory memory

Amnesia refers to an indiv loss of

memory

Some indiv with amnesias (H.M.) typically have problems recalling or recognizing ___ memories while ___ memories remain intact.

declarative...procedural

For the most part, the patient H.M. suffered severe ___ amnesia-inability to recall new information

anterograde

H.M.s amnesia was a result of damage to his ____

hippocampus

Research conducted by Ebbinghaus described two types of limitations on human memory perform. Which remembered the END OF THE LIST more accurately?

recency effect

Our tendency to respond to some stimuli more than others at any given time or to remember some stimuli more than others at any given time is ____

attention

Inability to detect changes in envir stimuli when intentionally shifting their attention is...

shifting attention

Two limitations of ___ mem include deteriorations in accuracy of recall with time (delay effects) and limited memory capacity

short-term or working

Studies of the patient H.M. and patients w/ similar neurological damage lead to the conclusion that

humans have several, separate kinds of memory processes

Sarah Palin couldn't store new memories or recall them an hour later-can recall everything before. What kind of memory loss?

anterograde amnesia

When an object differs drastically from other objects around it we find or identify it quickly with the automatic process...

preattentive process

College campus-switching person when asking for directions. This limit in human attentional processes is

change blindness

About this deck

By: Alexandra Booker
Created: 2011-05-09
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 13

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis