Quiz 1 Material

Anthropology 101 with Sherman at University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee

About this deck

By: Anonymous
Textbook:

Essentials of Physical Anthropology
Created: 2010-02-21
Size: 48 flashcards
Views: 24

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Mendelion Traits

Discrete traits, influenced by one gene

-Determined by alleles at one genetic location

-Discontinuous phenotypes

(PTC tasting, cleft chin, sickle-cell anemia)

Polygenic Traits

Continuous Traits, influenced by more than one gene.

-Determined by alleles at multiple genetic locations.

-Continuous phenotypes that are usually distinguished, the environment can affect phenotype.

(skin color, eye color, fingerprint patterns)

Mitosis

-splitting of somatic cells

-produces 2 identical diploid cells. (46)

Meiosis

-Involves 2 divisions, source of variation.

-results in 4 daughter cells each with half the original # of chromosomes. (Develop into Gametes (23 chromosomes))

Recombination (Crossing Over)

The exchange of genetic material between partner chromosomes during Meiosis.

Sickle Cell Anemia

A severe inherited hemoglobin disorder in which red blood cells collapse when deprived of oxygen.

Homoplasy

(Means: Same Growth) The separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in different groups of organisms.

Population

a community within a species.

George Cuvier

Comes up with the idea of catastrophism.

Buffon

discovered that life forms have a potential for change.

Existing species change by adapting to the environment.

Intraspecific

Variations seen within species.

Cladogram

chart showing evolutionary relationships as determined by cladistic analysis. Based only on interpretation of shared derived characters.

Principle of Segregation

Genes occur in pairs because chromosomes occur in pairs.

Adaptive Radiation

the relatively rapid expansion and diversification of life forms into new ecological niches (physical position of a species in the environment)

Biocultural evolution

Interactions between biology and culture in a human.

Applied Anthropolgy

the practical application of anthropological and archaeological theories and techniques.

Genetic Definition of Evolution

A change in allele frequency from one generation to the next.

Interspecific

Variations seen between species.

Jean Lamarck

First to produce an explanatory model for evolution, the inheritance of acquired traits. -Points out potential for change by the environment

Phylogenetic Tree

a chart showing evolutionary relationships. It contains a time component and implies ancestor relations.

Directional Change

The nonrandom change in allele frequencies caused by natural selection.

Classification

The ordering of organisms into categories, such as orders, and families, to show evolutionary relationships.

Genetic Drift

Evolutionary changes produced by random factors, result of small population size.

Founder Effect

Type of generic drift in which allele frequencies are altered in small populations that are taken from larger populations.

Macroevolution

large scale changes that occur in populations after many generations. (the appearance of a new species)

Principle of Independent Assortment

The distribution of one pair of alleles into gametes does not influence the distribution of another pair.

Charles Lyell

Geologist that suggested uniformitarianism (processes that shape the earth have stayed the same through time)

Gradualism

traditional view of evolution that emphasizes that change accumulates gradually.

Biological Species Concept

An idea of species as groups of individuals capable of fertile interbreeding but reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Random Assortment

the chance distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells during meiosis.

Punctuated Equilibrium

Concept that evolutionary change proceeds through long periods of stableness punctuated by rapid periods of change.

Speciation

the process by which new species evolve from an earlier species. Most basic process in macroevolution.

Clade

a group of organisms sharing a common ancestor.

Primatology

study of the biology and behaviors of primates.

Scientific Method

Identify a research problem, gather information, and answer it.

Modern Synthesis

2 Stage process of evolution that combines the 2 major foundations of biological science: 1. The product and redistribution of variation.

2. Natural selection acting on this variation, where among individuals, differentially affect their ability to reproduce.

Gregor Mendel

questioned heredity and was the basis of how it was resolved.

Gene Pool

The total amount of genes shared by the reproductive member of a population.

Theory

proposed explanations of relationships between natural phenomenia. Broader, usually more univeral view.

Carolus Linnaeus

Swedish historian, famous for Taxonomy. Put life forms into a system called the Binomial Nomenclature.

Mitochondrial Inheritance

All the variation in mtDNA among individuals is caused by mutation, which makes mtDNA extremely useful for studying genetic change over time.

Gene Flow

Exchange of genes between populations.

Paleoanthropology

Study of human evolution, particularly by fossils.

Genetics

the study of gene structure and the inheritance patterns of traits.

Mutation

A change in DNA

Osteology

study of skeleton material.

Derived

characteristics that are modified from the ancestral condition.

Sexual dimorphism

differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species.

About this deck

By: Anonymous
Textbook:

Essentials of Physical Anthropology
Created: 2010-02-21
Size: 48 flashcards
Views: 24

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis