Quiz Two
Communication Disorders And Sciences 1150 with Le at University of Connecticut
About this deck
By: Morgan Fenichel
Created: 2011-02-17
Size: 68 flashcards
Views: 56
Created: 2011-02-17
Size: 68 flashcards
Views: 56
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what is sound?
vibratory energy transmitted by pressure waves in the air or through another medium
hearing
the perception of sound
process of hearing
energy source -> vibrating object -> medium -> receptor
acoustic vs. audiological viewpoint is defined by...
physical properties and psychological properties
compression and refraction
waves occur from a compression of the medium, followed by an expansion of the medium
properties of sound
simple harmonic motion, sinusoids, frequency, amplitudes, time
frequency
the number of cycle per second or Hertz
pitch
the perception of frequency
high frequency sound waves
have a shorter period
low frequency sound waves
have a longer period
amplitude
amount of vibratory displacement; correlates with sound intensity
intensity
the magnitude/strength of a sound; our range of intensity is enormous
loudness
the perception of intensity
decibel (dB)
1. the scale is logarithmic
2. expressed as a ratio of a measured pressure to a reference pressure
3. 0 dB does not mean there is no sound, it just mean it's the lowest we can hear
periodic sound
has observable patterns; speech and music
aperiodic sound
has no observable pattern; noise
basic equipment in a basic auditory assessment
audiometer, otoscope, portable audiometer
assessment techniques in a basic auditory assessment for children
game approach
what's a threshold?
the lowest level of sound at which it can be heard by an individual 50% of the time
why do we need threshold?
use normal threshold to classify hearing loss
the audiogram
a visual representation of a person's threshold at a given frequency and intensity
outer ear anatomy
pinna and external auditory canal
pinna
protects and channels acoustic information into EAC
external auditory canal
directs sound towards tympanic membrane, provides some increase in sound intensity, and protects the tympanic membrane
tympanic membrane
ear drum, amount of tympanic membrane vibration proportional to sounds intensity and speed of vibration to sounds frequency
middle ear anatomy
air filled space, ossicle chain, windows, eustachian tube
eustachian tube
air pressure of the middle ear must match that of the EAM because it will maximize mobility
middle ear physiology
changes acoustical energy to mechanical energy
impedance
resistance to the flow of energy
inner ear anatomy
vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
vestibular system
balance
auditory system
hearing
cochlea
-osseous or bony, fluid filled, small shape
-membranous cochlea, basilar membrane, organ of corti
basilar membrane is organized by...
frequency, apex(lower frequencies) to the base(higher frequencies)
describe the movement of sound energy in the cochlea
movement of cochlear fluids causes hair cells to 'fire' and transmit this sound signal from the cochlea to the auditory nerve
auditory nerve
cranial nerve, eight
electrical signal from cochlea to brainstem
central auditory nervous system
processing of speech information occurs throughout the CANS
behavioral tests
person actively involved in the process
air conduction
provides an assessment of the functional integrity of the outer, middle, and inner ears
bone conduction
reflects the function of the cochlea, regardless of the status of the outer or middle ears
speech audiometry
tells us how an auditory disorder might impact the communicative problems of daily living
we use speech audiometry to...
measure threshold for speech, cross-check pure-tone sensitivity, and quantify suprathreshold speech recognition ability
objective tests
tympanometry, acoustic reflexes, otoacoustic emissions, electrophysiology
tympanometry
it is a test used to detect disorders of the middle ear
acoustic: reflexes
contraction of middle ear muscles to loud sound
otoacoustic emissions
sounds produced by healthy ears in response to acoustic stimulation
electrophysiology
central auditory pathways, and auditory brainstem response
types of hearing loss
conductive, sensorineural, and auditory processing disorder
conductive hearing loss
problems with outer/middle ear
sensorineural hearing loss
problems with the cochlea/inner ear
auditory processing disorder
problem with interpretation of auditory messages
normal hearing
0-25 dB HL
mild hearing loss
26-40 dB - difficulty in background noise, sounds muffled
moderate hearing loss
41-55 dB - a little difficulty in quiet; soft sounds/ends of words gone
moderately severe hearing loss
56-70 dB - miss a lot of conversational speech
severe hearing loss
71-90 dB - can't hear doorbell, telephone ring; no conversation
profound hearing loss
91+ dB - may not hear fire engines, smoke detectors
congenital hearing loss
hearing loss present at birth
prelingual hearing loss
after birth but before a child has developed language
postlingual hearing loss
acquired in later childhood or adolescence after language skills are well established
recruitment
reduced tolerance for loud sounds
tinnitus
a ringing, roaring, buzzing, or hissing sound in one or both ears
siganl-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss
hearing loss and loss of speech clarity due to inner hair cell damage
noise-induced hearing loss
caused by exposure to occupational noise
presbycusis
hearing loss that occurs as a result of aging
otosclerosis
abnormal bone growth develops around the ossicles
ototoxicity
a drug negatively affecting the hearing mechanisms
Meniere's Disease and labyrinthitis
affect the labyrinth of the inner ear in both the vestibular and cochlear mechanisms
About this deck
By: Morgan Fenichel
Created: 2011-02-17
Size: 68 flashcards
Views: 56
Created: 2011-02-17
Size: 68 flashcards
Views: 56
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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