REAL: Chapter 3 Vocabulary
Sociology 160 with Thomas at St. Cloud State University
About this deck
By: Rae Gleason
Textbook:
Mapping the Social Landscape: Readings in Sociology
The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology (Second Edition)
Created: 2011-01-23
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 40
Textbook:
Mapping the Social Landscape: Readings in Sociology The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology (Second Edition)Created: 2011-01-23
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 40
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quantitative
a type of data that can be converted into numbers, usually for statistical comparison
qualitative
a type of data that can't be converted into numbers, usually because they relate to meaning
scientific method
a procedure for acquiring knowledge that emphasizes collecting concrete data through observation and experiment
literature review
a thorough search through previously published studies relevant to a particular topic
hypothesis
a theoretical statement explaining the relationship between two or more phenomena
variables
one of two or more phenomena that a researcher believes are related and hopes to prove are related through research
operational definition
a clear and precise definition of a variable that facilitates its measurement
correlation
a relationship between variables in which they change together. may or may not be casual
causation
a relationship between variables in which a change in one directly produces a change in the other
intervening variable
a third variable, sometimes overlooked, that explains the relationship between two other variables
spurious correlation
the appearance of causation produced by an intervening variable
paradigm shift
the term used to describe a change in basic assumptions of a particular scientific discipline
ethnography
a naturalistic method based on studying people in their own environment in order to understand the meanings they attribute to their activities; also the written work that results from the study
participant observation
a methodology associated with ethnography whereby the researcher both observes and becomes a member in a social setting
access
the process by which an ethnographer gains entry to a field setting
rapport
a positive relationship often characterized by mutual trust or sympathy
field notes
detailed notes taken by an ethnographer describing her activities and interactions , which later become the basis of the ethnographic analysis
reflexivity
how the identity and activities of the researcher influence what is going on in the field setting
grounded theory
an inductive method of generating theory from data by creating categories in which to place data and then looking for relationships between categories
replicability
research that can be repeated, and thus, verified, by other researchers later
representativeness
the degree to which a particular studied group os similar to, or represents, any part of the larger society
bias
an opinion held by the researcher that might affect the research or analysis
interviews
face-to-face, information-seeking conversation, sometimes defined as a conversation with a purpose
respondent
someone from whom a researcher solicits information
target population
the entire group about which a researcher would like to be able to generalize
sample
the part of the population that will actually be studied
information consent
a safeguard through which the researcher makes sure that respondents are freely participating and understand the nature of the research
closed-ended question
a question asked of a respondent that imposes a limit on the possible responses
open-ended question
a question asked of a respondent that allows the answer to take whatever form the respondent chooses
leading questions
questions that predispose a respondent to answer in a certain way
double barreled questions
questions that attempt to get at multiple issues at once, and so tend to receive incomplete answers
survey
a method based on questionnaires that are administered to a sample of respondents selected from a target population
Likert scale
a way of organizing categories on a survey question so that the respondent can choose an answer along a continuum
negative questions
survey questions that ask respondents what they don't think instead of what they do
representative sample
a sample taken so that findings from members of the sample group can be generalized to the whole population
probability sampling
any sampling scheme in which the probability of selecting and given unit is known
simple random sample
a particular type of probability sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
weighting
techniques for manipulating the sampling procedure so that the sample more closely resembles the larger population
response rate
the number or percentage of surveys completed by respondents and returned to researchers
reliabilty
the consistency of a question or measurement tool; the degree to which the same questions will produce similar answers
confidentiality
the assurance that no one other than the researcher will know the identity of a respondent
validity
the accuracy of a question or measurement tool; the degree to which a researcher is measuring what he thinks he is measuring
pilot study
a small study carried out to test the feasibility of a larger one
existing sources
any data that can have already been collected and are available for future research
comparative and historical methods
methods that use existing sources to study relationships between elements of society in various regions and time periods
content analysis
a method in which researchers identify and study specific variables -such as words- in a text, image, or media message
experiments
formal tests of specific variables and effects, performed in a controlled setting where all aspects of the situation can be controlled
control
in an experiment, the process of regulating all factors except for the independent variable
experimental group
the part of a test group that receives the experimental treatment
control group
the part of a test group that is allowed to continue without intervention so that it can be compared with the experimental group
independent variable
factor that is predicted to cause change
dependent variable
factor that is changed by the independent variable
value-free sociology
an ideal whereby researchers identify facts without allowing their own beliefs or biases to interfere
basic research
the search for knowledge without any agenda or desire to use that knowledge to effect change
applied research
research designed to allow the researcher to use what is learned to create some sort of change
objectivity
impartiality, the ability to allow facts to speak for themselves
reactivity
the tendency of people and events to react to the process of being studied
Hawthorne effect
a specific example of reactivity, in which the desired effect is the result not of the independent variable but of the research itself
deception
the extent to which the participants in a research project are unaware of the project or its goals
code of ethics
ethical guidelines for researcher to consult as they design a project
institutional review board
a group of scholars within a university who meet regularly to review and approve the research proposals of their colleagues and make recommendations for how to protect human subjects
About this deck
By: Rae Gleason
Textbook: Mapping the Social Landscape: Readings in Sociology
The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology (Second Edition)
Created: 2011-01-23
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 40
Textbook:
Mapping the Social Landscape: Readings in Sociology The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology (Second Edition)Created: 2011-01-23
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 40
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis