Research II 2nd lecture
Health Care Organization And Policy 462 with Me at Mount St. Mary's College
About this deck
By: Paula Leonti
Created: 2012-02-08
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 1
Created: 2012-02-08
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 1
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IRB
Institutional Review Board
what principle is the IRB based off of?
Beneficence
what is beneficence?
principle of maximizing benefits while minimizing risks of a stud7
what is the purpose of IRB?
To have a board in place to protect the rights of subjects participating in studies. Approval process for studies that ensures that research designs do not expose subjects to unnecessary risks.
the probability that harm occurring, as a result of participating in a study?
risk
what is minimal risk?
probability that the magnitude of harm anticipated by a study is no more than the normal level of risk associated with daily life performance or physical eams.
what are the 3 levels of IRB review?
-Exempt
-Expedited
-Full
-Expedited
-Full
in an expedited review by IRB, who reviews the application?
IRB chairperson
in a full IRB review who reviews the application?
the full IRB
what is the purpose of informed consent?
it ensures that the participant is knowledgable of the study and its contents and agrees to participate in the research
who is responsible for providing informed consent?
Principle investigator
in order to have a valid informed consent, what must be provided?
subjects signed consent form
what does HIPPA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of 1996
According to HIPPA in order for a researcher to review a subjects Personal health information, what must occur?
Researcher must obtain authorization from the subject to use PHI
T/F Occasionally, researchers my obtain a waiver of authorization if approved by the IRB
True
what is operationalization?
-a measurement of a construct in a study
-a way to measure an theoretical construct in a tangible manor
ex: finding a way to measure balance or flexibility
-a way to measure an theoretical construct in a tangible manor
ex: finding a way to measure balance or flexibility
how would you operationalize LE strength?
-MMT grade of various muscle groups
-performance on functional activities (sit to stand, walking)
-isokentic strength testing
-performance on functional activities (sit to stand, walking)
-isokentic strength testing
in what ways would you operationalize perceived health?
-General Health
-Physical functionality
-Mental functionality
-social functionality
-pain
-role functioning- emotional
-role functioning- physical
-vitality
-Physical functionality
-Mental functionality
-social functionality
-pain
-role functioning- emotional
-role functioning- physical
-vitality
This is an example of what type of percieved health... In general, how would you rate your health 1 poor, 2, 3, 4, 5 Excel
SF-36 General health measurement
are you limited alot, limited a little, not limited at all for the following activities: (list activities)? this is an ex of
SF-36 Physical Functioning Measurement
what are the 2 levels of measurement types of data?
-categorical
-continuous
-continuous
categorical measurement type
consists of categories
continuous measurement type
data has a continuous uninterrupted range of values
T/F the type of data collected determines the type of statistical analysis conducted
True
Categorical Data consists of what 2 types of data?
-nominal
-ordinal
-ordinal
Nominal Categorical Data
a categorical data where the order of categories is arbitrary
Ordinal Categorical Data
categorical data where there is a logical order
Race/ethnicity is what type of data?
Nominal categorical data
Income brackets is a type of what data?
Ordinal categorical data
what are the 2 types of continuous data?
-Interval
-Ratio
-Ratio
Interval Continuous Data
-actual distance or difference b/w successive value is defined in measured units.
-ratio of different values does NOT have a clear interpretion
-ratio of different values does NOT have a clear interpretion
Ratio Continuous Data
-continuous data ration where both difference and ratios are interpreted because a 0 value indicates absence of the characteristic
Blood Pressure is an example of what data type?
Interval continuous data
pain is an example of what type of data?
ratio continuous data
what type of data is: Age: 0,1,2,3..etc
Ratio continuous data
what type of data is: Age 0-9, 9-19, 20-29
Ordinal categorical data
what type of data is: Median Family Income
Ratio continuous data
what type of data is: Median Family Income- <$9,999, $10,000-19,000 ...etc
Ordinal Categorical Data
what type of data is Systolic BP
Interval continuous data
what type of data is health rating: E, VG, G, F, P
Ordinal categorical data
what type of data is race/ethnicity?
nominal categorical data
what is statistics used for?
-data analysis and interpretation
-used in design of research proposals
-reporting data
-used in design of research proposals
-reporting data
what is the first statistic run when analyzing data?
descriptive statistics
what is descriptive statistics?
-used to characterize the shape, central tendency and variability of the data
-run each variable one at at time
-run each variable one at at time
what type of statistical analysis runs each variable one at a time to get an idea of what the variables look like?
descriptive statistics
Chi Square analysis
-to determine association b/w two categorical variables
-run 2 at a time to find relationships
-run 2 at a time to find relationships
what statistical analysis runs 2 categorical variables at a time to determine relationships?
Chi Square analysis
T-Test analysis
-to compare the means between two groups to find relationships
what type of statistical analysis compares continuous data (means) 2 variables to find relationships?
T-Test analysis
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
-TO COMPARE THE MEANS OF MORE THAN 2 GROUPS
what statistical analysis compares the means of 2 or more groups?
ANOVA
Multiple Regression
-to explore relationships b/w multiple groups or variables
ex: ordinary least squares regression, logistic regression
ex: ordinary least squares regression, logistic regression
what statistical analysis explores relationships b/w multiple groups or variables?
Multiple Regressions
T/F statistical analysis starts more complex and moves to simplification
False - starts simple, gets more complex
Parametric Test
-used for continuous data b/c data are normally distributed
what are 2 types of Parametric Tests?
-T-test
-ANOVA
-ANOVA
Non-parametric tests
-used for categorical data b/c not based on normally distributed data
what type is a NON-paramentric test
Chi Square
Frequencies, Percentages, Cumulative Percentages are used to analyze what types of data?
Categorical data
Mean, Median, Mode, standard Deviation, Variance are used to analyze what types of data?
Continuos data
what is used to determine the association b/w two categorical variables?
Chi Square test
what determines if a distribution of observed frequencies differs from theoretical expected frequencies?
Chi Square test
Chi Square Calculation
x^2= sum (O-E)^2/E
x^2= sum (O-E)^2/E
O= observed frequency
E= Expected value
-look up results in table by degrees of freedom to find probablity
E= Expected value
-look up results in table by degrees of freedom to find probablity
Degrees of freedom
= (rows -1) x (columns -1)
how do you find p-value
look up p-value in table, by looking up pi^2 value + degrees of freedom
T-Test for continuous variables
Ho = mean 1 = mean 2
Ha = the meas are not equal (2-tailed)
-compute T statistic (formula)
-look up in table using degrees of freedom
-reject Ho in favor of Ha if p< cut off of p
Ha = the meas are not equal (2-tailed)
-compute T statistic (formula)
-look up in table using degrees of freedom
-reject Ho in favor of Ha if p< cut off of p
ANOVA analysis of continuous variables
-statistical test for 1-way ANOVA
Ho - mean 1 = mean 2 = ... meanx
Ha = the means are not equal
-compute F statistics
-look up in table using degrees of freedom
-reject Ho if favor Ha if p< cut off p
Ho - mean 1 = mean 2 = ... meanx
Ha = the means are not equal
-compute F statistics
-look up in table using degrees of freedom
-reject Ho if favor Ha if p< cut off p
Multivariable Regression purpose
to determine a predictive relationship b/w an independent and dependent variable
how to conduct multiple regression analysis
dependent variable = independent variable
F= independent variable
y = dependent variable
*looks at how depended variable (y) relates to independent variable (f)
F= independent variable
y = dependent variable
*looks at how depended variable (y) relates to independent variable (f)
if data is continuous then you use what type of multiple regression analysis
ordinary least squares multiple regression
if the data is categorical, then you use what type of multiple regression?
logical regression
mental status (age and gender variables) is an ex of what type of data and what type of multiple regression would you use?
-continuous data
-ordinary leads square multivariable regression
-ordinary leads square multivariable regression
About this deck
By: Paula Leonti
Created: 2012-02-08
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 1
Created: 2012-02-08
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 1
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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