Respiratory System
Biology 4000 with Kempf at Auburn University
About this deck
By: Kelly Anderson
Created: 2012-04-26
Size: 33 flashcards
Views: 11
Created: 2012-04-26
Size: 33 flashcards
Views: 11
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Primary function of respiratory system
Provide body w/ O2 & remove CO2
Three Components of Respiratory System
- Air Conduction Portion
- Respiratory Portion
- Musculoelastic Ventilation Apparatus
Air Conducting Portion
nasal cavity
nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
**condition the inspired air**
nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
**condition the inspired air**
Respiratory Portion
respiratory bronchioles
aveolar ducts
alceolae used for gas exchange
aveolar ducts
alceolae used for gas exchange
Musculoelastic Ventilation Apparatus
muscle: intercostals & diaphragm
Structure of Respiratory Tract
Mucosa
epithelium
lamina propria
Submucosa
Elastic & Reticular Fibers
Smooth Muscle
Adventitia
Hyaline Cartilage (trachea, 1* & 2* bronchi)
epithelium
lamina propria
Submucosa
Elastic & Reticular Fibers
Smooth Muscle
Adventitia
Hyaline Cartilage (trachea, 1* & 2* bronchi)
Trachea & Primary Bronchi
Mucosa
- Mucosa epithelium
- lamina propria
*Membrana elastica interna
Submucosa
- loose CT: serous and mucous glands
Adventitia
- most prominent bc of hyaline cartilage
- Mucosa epithelium
- lamina propria
*Membrana elastica interna
Submucosa
- loose CT: serous and mucous glands
Adventitia
- most prominent bc of hyaline cartilage
Mucosa Epithelium in Trachea & Bronchi
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Other Cell Types
- Goblet cells
- Brush cells
- Basal cells
Other Cell Types
- Goblet cells
- Brush cells
- Basal cells
Membrane Elastica Interna
layer of elastic fibers that separates mucosa from submucosa in the trachea and bronchi
Trachealis Muscle
Smooth muscle in adventitia that connects the ends of the "C" formed by cartilage rings
Cartilage + muscle = very rigid
Cartilage + muscle = very rigid
Intrapulmonary Bronchi
aka Secondary bronchi
aka lobar bronchi
- R: 3 lobes
- L: 2 lobes
aka lobar bronchi
- R: 3 lobes
- L: 2 lobes
Mounier-Kuhn's Syndrome
due to defect in internal elastic membrane of trachea and larger bronchi
- recurring respiratory infections & bronchitis
- abnormal dilation of larger air ways
- recurring respiratory infections & bronchitis
- abnormal dilation of larger air ways
- cartilage reduced
- less goblet cells
--> simple columnar
- lymphatic nodules in lamina propria
- less goblet cells
--> simple columnar
- lymphatic nodules in lamina propria
- 1 mm or less
- NO cartilage
- NO glands
- thick SM layer
- non-ciliated Clara cells
- --> simple cuboidal
- bronchioles & terminal bronchiole epithelium
- non-ciliated
- produce surfactant
3 types of bronchioles (in order)
- Muscular/ Large
- Terminal
- Respiratory (conducting tubes with alveoli)
Bronchiole Epithelial Types
1. Muscular/Large: ciliated simple columnar
2. Terminal: simple cuboidal, LOTS of Clara Cells
3. Respiratory: simple cuboidal, Lots of Clara Cells, NO goblet cells
- transition from conducting --> respiratory
2. Terminal: simple cuboidal, LOTS of Clara Cells
3. Respiratory: simple cuboidal, Lots of Clara Cells, NO goblet cells
- transition from conducting --> respiratory
- Simple squamous: alveolar epithelium
- Ducts terminate in cluster of alveoli: alveolar sac
- Respiratory portion (also: terminal bronchioles)
- Ducts terminate in cluster of alveoli: alveolar sac
- Respiratory portion (also: terminal bronchioles)
Columnar respiratory epithelium
plasticity - 8 types - move things out of lungs
1. goblet cells
2. ciliated columnar cells
3. columnar brush cells
4. basal cells
5. small granule cells
6. Clara cells
7&8. Type I & II alveolar cells,
1. goblet cells
2. ciliated columnar cells
3. columnar brush cells
4. basal cells
5. small granule cells
6. Clara cells
7&8. Type I & II alveolar cells,
Smoker's Respiratory Tract
- more goblet cells --> fewer ciliated cells
- Metaplasia: pseudostratified --> stratified squamous
- Increase mucus: blocked pathway
- Macrophages: irreversible damage!
secrete mucus
more plentiful in upper respiratory tract
more plentiful in upper respiratory tract
~300 cilia at apical end of each cell that constantly beat toward esophagus
- microvilli
- maybe endocrine or secretory function
-- dendritic synapses on basal surface
- maybe endocrine or secretory function
-- dendritic synapses on basal surface
- base of respiratory epithelium
- stem cells
- nuceli at base
Small granule cells
- Look like basal but have no granules
- possible enteroendocrine (APUD) cells that secrete hormones
- ie. Calcitonin
- possible enteroendocrine (APUD) cells that secrete hormones
- ie. Calcitonin
- bronchioles or smallest bronchi
- secrete surfactant
- more numerous as get into smaller bronchioles
- secrete surfactant
- more numerous as get into smaller bronchioles
- simple squamous epithelial cells, lining of alveolar
- gas exchange
- 40% of alveolar cells, but cover 95% surface
- gas exchange
- 40% of alveolar cells, but cover 95% surface
- Bulge into lumen and secretes surfactant
- reduce surface tension
- septal cells
-toughly cuboidal with microvilli
- reduce surface tension
- septal cells
-toughly cuboidal with microvilli
Alveolus
- lined by simple squamous epithelium (alveolar epithelium)
- gas exchange where endothelium of capillary and BM of alveolus fuse
- continuous, non-fenestrated endothelium
- smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, elastic & reticular fibers, pores to equalize pressure
- gas exchange where endothelium of capillary and BM of alveolus fuse
- continuous, non-fenestrated endothelium
- smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, elastic & reticular fibers, pores to equalize pressure
Cell Types in Alveolus
- alveolar type I
- alveolar type II
- dust cells
- alveolar type II
- dust cells
Dust cells
Macrophages in alveolus free in the lumen of alveolus that clean up air. They accumulate in smoker's lungs
Oxygen and CO2 cross blood-air barrier through several layers - keep from air & blood from mixing:
- alveolar epithelium (type I cells)
- capillary endothelium: non-fenestrated
- fused basal lamina
- surfactant
Gas Embolism
- Arteriole or Venous
- Gaseous air into circulatory system, can cause blockage and result in paralysis or death
- Gaseous air into circulatory system, can cause blockage and result in paralysis or death
About this deck
By: Kelly Anderson
Created: 2012-04-26
Size: 33 flashcards
Views: 11
Created: 2012-04-26
Size: 33 flashcards
Views: 11
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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