Review for Lecture on April 27- answers

Review for Lecture on April 27 Name the 4 functions of the root system. 1 Anchorage 2 Absorption 3 Storage 4 Conduction (ion exchange) What are the 2 main kinds of root systems and describe them. 1 Tap roots 2 Fibrous Roots Why the huge surface area? For increased absorption Name the 4 layers of soil and describe them. 1 Top- horizion A- Most organic material smallest rocks 2 Sub Soil- horizion B- less organic material, larger rocks 3 Soil Base- horizon C- little organic material, large rocks 4 Bottom- Bedrock- rockiest _______bedrock__- rock that is weathered that breaks apart to make soil. ___humus______- dark colored mixture of organic decay particles _______soil__- made of organic matter, rock particulates, water, and air Define ecosystem. What is clay? Smallest rocks here, holds the most water. Most plant minerals come from ___________weathered rock________. What kind of root systems make good farming soil? Large root systems Why is topsoil alive? Because of organisms and microorganisms Are earthworms great for your garden? Why or why not? No. they destroy humus. How many essential elements are there (for plants)? 17 What are the 3 most abundant macro nutrients? CHO What do you call minerals that make up structural components? macronutrients What are the 6 most abundant macronutrients for a plant? CHNOPS What are those nutrients involved in primarily? pathways What is the central component of chlorophyll? MG What does Ca do in a plant? signaling What does K do in a plant? Osmotic pressure What does Cl do in a plant? Osmotic pressure What does ABA do in a plant? Signals the stomata to close What elements are involved in stomata signaling? K, Cl What two elements are made into amino acids? P S What element is for nucleic and amino acids? N What elements are made into carbohydrates and lipids? C O P What is chlorosis? Yellowing How is chlorosis in younger plants different than that of older plants and why do they differ? Mg moves from old to young leaves, depriving the old leaves. Young leaves show chlorosis when they don?t have Fe because Fe cannot be transported. Describe the roles of Mg and Fe in chlorosis. Mg moves, Fe doesn?t. How does Equisetum protect itself from herbivores? It incorporates Si to make it glassy and sharp. How does the mustard plant protect itself from herbivores? It incorporates Sulfur to make it unattractive. What is phytoremediation? Fixing with plants. Describe some examples of phytoremediation as discussed in lecture. Penny crest removes Zn.