Review of Lectures

StudyBlue printing of Review of Lectures html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; 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} ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Be able to define and explain each of these elements of inequality Racial Residential Segregation the index of dissimilarity integration 2000 census consequences of segregation maintains social distance limits social contact keeps minority concerns out of white conscious prevents pluralist politics with mutual interests from developing public officials can be prejudice (NIMBY) traps minorities into poor quality homes history of residential segregation post civil war period 1900-1940 -covenants and strategic essentialism 1940-1970- suburbanization, FHA loans, redlining, and urban renewal policies maintaining segregation today attitudes and preferences realty markets- racial steering and linguistic profiling financial institutions segregation and the foreclosure crisis- subprime loans and predatory lending for black/white segregation, race matters; for white/asian and white/hispanic segregation, class matters Racial Conceptualization biological or essentialist understanding of race cultural understanding of race power cognizant understanding of race Racial Inequality: The American Dilemma intermarriage the American dilemma the social construction of race racial stratification the historical construction of race defining and maintaining racial categories required power flowing form privilege defining an "other" required defining a "same process of defining is contested once racial categories are used to organize social relationships, race becomes an independent element of social system racial formation process racial divisions were first seen as religiously based 18th/19th century race seen as having a biological basis eugenics movement and U.S. imperialism history of U.S. as a racial dictatorship white supermacy American identity= white color line= fundamental division in society consolidated oppositional racial consciousness racialized social systems= racialized identities whites are no conscious of racial identities, esp. working class whites contemporary racial meanings question shifted from who is __? to what does ___ mean? individuals claim their own racial identity one drop rule challenged by bi and multi racial individuals who decides authenticity shadows of race beliefs others have about your racial group influence how you are treated as an individual by other individuals and institutions The Intersections of Race and Class William Julius Wilson thesis: position of blacks today has more to do with class than race class flight: retreat of black middle class from urban neighborhoods leave for safe, affordable, good schools, and other amenities oppositional culture of urban underclass consequences of middle class flight economic capital social capital cultural capital policies to redress out national history of racism Wilson argues equal opp. and affirmative action has benefited privileged and talented blacks and done little to help black underclass middle class blacks: work in primary sector poor blacks: work in secondary sector we will leave the black lower class behind if we focus on race as the factor of inequality average level of wealth per family differences in blacks and whites wealth across all income levels (chart) growth of income inequality comparing 1979 and 2008 The Urban Underclass characteristics blacks concentrated in limited neighborhoods because of housing policies and racial bias of the 60s and 70s = segregation of whites and blacks in city space economic restructuring in 70s and 80s = loss of employment in inner cities spatial mismatch job sprawl address discrimination consequences of concentrated poverty men decline in poor of "marriageable" men rise in female headed families, birth outside marriage, and welfare use increase in concentration of poor, fewer middle class families change in individual livelihood strategies short term vs. long term horizon and goals Immigration: Remaking America U.S. has largest foreign born population of all countries 1965 Immigration Act 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) the 2010 census does not include a question of citizenship graph on # of persons obtaining legal permanent resident status bump up: 1900-1920; period of great immigration bump down: 1930-1940; great depression and WW2 small jumps: 1965; immigration act spike: early 1990's; IRCA going up again?: 2000; U.S. relocating war refugees Latinos are the fastest growing ethnic group unauthorized immigrant population decline 7% between 2008-2009 types of immigrants human capital migrants labor migrants family reunification refugees and asylum seekers immigration incorporation theories of immigration assimilation: melting pot symbolic ethnicity: expression of cultural traditions today pluralism (AKA "salad bowl") institutional assimilation examples of institutional practices shaping assimilation education workplaces politics religion percent who say the U.S. should be: 39% immigrants and 62% of non-immigrants =- melting pot 57% immigrants and 33% non-immigrants= pluralism percent who say the U.S. is: 36% immigrants and 34% non-immigrants = melting pot 61% immigrants and 64% non-immigrants= pluralism divergent views 1/2 natives think that imm. take jobs, actually only 13%, most come for families job competition: do immigrants take jobs no one else wants? President of Mexico statement job competition study: immigrants generally take jobs no one else wants natives see the jobs immigrants take as beneath them; stigmatized easier to control; more willing to be subordinated employers usually least desire to hire African Americans because "attitude" do not like to hire second generation immigrants; too Americanized and "attitude"