Running Water!!!

Geology 101 with Nixon at Brigham Young University

About this deck

By: Beth Howard
Created: 2012-03-05
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 5

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What is the Hydrologic Cycle?

describes the continuous interchange of water among the oceans, atmosphere, and continents

What are the 5 processes in the Hydrologic Cycle?

Precipitation
Evaporation
Infiltration
Runoff
Transportation

What are the 3 parts of a river?

Collecting (Erosion)
Transporting
Dispersing (Deposition)

What factors influence a stream's velocity?

Discharge (Volume)
Gradient
Channel Shape, size and roughness
Sediment load

True or False: These Factors are independent and do not affect each other.

False

Changes in each factor may change other in unintended ways

Where is there maximum velocity in a stream?

in the middle

Where is the gradient of a stream the least?

Towards the downstream end

What is the mission statement of Running Water

Erode
Transport
Deposit

How do streams erode?

Abrasion
Dissolution
Hydraulic Forces

Define erosion by Solution

Many minerals are soluble in water, therefore when streams have long contact with materials they dissolve into the water and are carried into lakes or oceans

Name the three types of load

Dissolved load
Suspended load
Bed load

Define Capacity

the maximum load a stream can transport

Define Competence

the maximum particle size a stream can transport
determined by the stream's velocity

What are the two types of Stream Channels?

Bedrock Channel

Usually found in steep headwaters

Erosion dominates of deposition

Alluvial Channel

Stream flows across unconsolidated sediment

Deposition dominates over erosion

Name the two types of Alluvial Channels

Meandering
Braided

What is the Base Level?

Downward limit to stream erosion

What is the Ultimate limit?

Sea Level

What is the temporary (local) limit?

Lakes
Resistant Rocks

What is Valley Deepening?

Down cutting of a channel caused by Abrasion and hydraulic action
Usually results in a V shaped valley
Rapids and waterfalls may be present

What is Valley Widening?

Widening of the valley floor caused by the meandering of a rive in lower reaches of the stream
results in a broad, flat valley floor covered with alluvium called a flood plain

Name the three Deposition Landforms

Delta
Natural Levee
Alluvial Fan

What are the characteristics of sediment deposited by a stream?

Generally form well-sorted, distinct layers
Individual sediment grains commonly rounded and smoothed

A narrow stream valley has which stream channel?

Bedrock channel

A wide stream valley has which stream channel?

Alluvial channel

What are the two features of wide valleys?

Floodplains

Erosional floodplains

Depositional floodplains

Meanders

cut banks

point bar

cutoffs

oxbow lakes

What are the 4 types of floods?

Regional flood
Flash flood
Ice-jam floods
Dam-failure flood

What is a regional flood?

Usually seasonal
Influenced by

warming trends
saturated soils
amount of precipitation

What influences a Flash Flood?

Rainfall duration and intensity
Topography and surface conditions

what is a drainage basin?

the land area the contributes water to a steam

About this deck

By: Beth Howard
Created: 2012-03-05
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 5

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis