Section 4-The self and love
Psychology And Social Behavior 350 with Lovis-mc Mahon at Arizona State University - Tempe
About this deck
By: Chelsea Spaulding
Textbook:
Social Psychology: Goals in Interaction (5th Edition)
Created: 2011-05-02
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 17
Textbook:
Social Psychology: Goals in Interaction (5th Edition)Created: 2011-05-02
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 17
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The Self in a Social World
Aspects of the Self: Who am I?
Processes of the self: How did I get this way?
Processes of the self: How did I get this way?
Aspects of the Self
Self-concept
Possible selves
Self-esteem- Narcissism
Self-Efficacy-Learned Helplessness
Possible selves
Self-esteem- Narcissism
Self-Efficacy-Learned Helplessness
Self-Concept
The integrated mental representation one has of one's self
A combination of one's specific self-schemas
A combination of one's specific self-schemas
Positive Self
Mental representations of who we might be in the future or under different circumstances
Involved in motivating people to pursue specific goals, either outcomes we desire or those we wish to avoid.
Involved in motivating people to pursue specific goals, either outcomes we desire or those we wish to avoid.
Negative Possible Self
If I don't get x,y,z done I won't accomplish my future goals.
Self-Esteem
A person's overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Higher scores predict higher achievement, lower risk of mood disorders, healthier relationships, lower stress
Narcissism
Extremely positive self-image
View A of Narcissism
Narcissism hides a fragile self-view requiring constant external affirmation, that collapses under negative feedback or stress
Research on Narcissism
High narcissists showed greater reactivity to feedback- greater increases in self-esteem following success, greater decreases following failure
Baumeister (1996)
Are people with really high self-esteem kind of annoying?
The effects of self-esteem are small, limited, and not at all good...my conclusion is that self-control is worth 10 times as much as self-esteem.
The effects of self-esteem are small, limited, and not at all good...my conclusion is that self-control is worth 10 times as much as self-esteem.
Self-Efficacy
The belief that one is competent, effective, in control of one's outcomes
What promotes self-efficacy?
Locus of control: beliefs about the causes of one's outcomes
Internal: outcomes are caused by one's owns actions
External: outcomes are caused by external factors
Stable: the factors that cause outcomes are consistent and cannot be changed
Unstable: the factors that cause outcomes are mutable
Internal: outcomes are caused by one's owns actions
External: outcomes are caused by external factors
Stable: the factors that cause outcomes are consistent and cannot be changed
Unstable: the factors that cause outcomes are mutable
Locus of control examples
Why did I lose my wallet at the airport?
internal, stable: I'm an airhead and I can't do anything about it
internal, unstable- I was stressed and not paying attention
external, stable- the airport is confusing and the people who work there are stupid
External unstable- things were chaotic because the airport canceled my flight
internal, stable: I'm an airhead and I can't do anything about it
internal, unstable- I was stressed and not paying attention
external, stable- the airport is confusing and the people who work there are stupid
External unstable- things were chaotic because the airport canceled my flight
Low Self-Efficacy
Learned helplessness: when one gives up trying because of perceived loss of control.
Seligman Study
Dogs strapped into hammock and shocked by floor
Group A could turn off shock w/ nose...Group B could not
Later dogs were released from hammock and could jump compartments
Group A could turn off shock w/ nose...Group B could not
Later dogs were released from hammock and could jump compartments
Learned Helplessness
Behavior of Seligman's Group B dogs looked remarkably like that of depressed people
Group B dogs didn't try to move
Group B dogs didn't try to move
Self Processes
looking-glass self
social comparison
social roles
life experience
self-serving bias
self-handicapping
self-presentation
social comparison
social roles
life experience
self-serving bias
self-handicapping
self-presentation
The Looking-Glass Self
The sense of self that is based upon what others (appear to) think of us
Levy (1966)
subliminal priming of "senile" vs. "wise" views of aging, and memory self-efficacy in older adults
Social Comparison
Defining the self based upon differences from other people
Motivated social comparison: when people feel badly about themselves, their tendency toward downward comparison increases
Motivated social comparison: when people feel badly about themselves, their tendency toward downward comparison increases
Social Roles
A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave (and think and feel)
Examples: gender, profession, relationship typically involve position relative to others
Examples: gender, profession, relationship typically involve position relative to others
Life Experience
Person x Environment interaction: the self concept facilitates certain kinds of experiences which feed into the self concept
Self-Serving Bias
The tendency to see one's self favorably
Self-handicapping
Giving up on or creating barriers to one's own performance, creating an easy explanation for failure
Self-Presentation
Consciously or subconsciously behaving in a way that creates a desired impression on others
Social Desirability
The overall need to be seen by others in a positive light
Self-monitoring
the extent to which a person alters his or her self-presentation depending on other people's expectations.
Self-Monitoring
High self-monitors: inconsistent across situations
Good at assessing what others demand and tailoring their behavior to fit those demands
Low self-monitors
look inside themselves to decide how to act.
Good at assessing what others demand and tailoring their behavior to fit those demands
Low self-monitors
look inside themselves to decide how to act.
Goals of Self-Presentation
To be seen as likeable (ingratiation)
To be seen as competent (self-promotion)
To be seen as powerful (intimidation)
To be seen as competent (self-promotion)
To be seen as powerful (intimidation)
Attitudes Toward Groups
Stereotype- a cognitive belief about the characteristics shared by a group of people
Prejudice-global, negative affect felt toward a group of people
Prejudice-global, negative affect felt toward a group of people
Discrimination
Negative behavior directed toward a group of people, based solely on group membership
Stereotypes
Social cognitive heuristics-mental links between groups and traits
Out-group homogeneity effect
My own groups seem more diverse than groups I'm not part of "outgroups"
Stereotype Threat
Fear that one will confirm a stereotype of one's own group, which ends up interfering with performance
Spencer, Steele and Quinn (1999)
Men and women completed a difficult math test
Before test, half were told that men generally perform better in math than women, other half not told this
Before test, half were told that men generally perform better in math than women, other half not told this
Steele and Aronson
African-American and white students completed a difficult exam
Half of participants asked to report their race on the front page of the test booklet the other half were not
Half of participants asked to report their race on the front page of the test booklet the other half were not
Prejudice
Negative overall affective/ emotional response to members of another group
Bogardis Social Distance Scale
It would not bother me if my son/daughter dated a _____________
Modern Racism Scale
Blacks are getting too demanding in their push for equal rights.
New Measures of Prejudice: Implicit Measures
IAT and Neurological activation
-amygdala activation when viewing faces of African-American men, measured using fMRI
-amygdala activation when viewing faces of African-American men, measured using fMRI
Where Does Prejudice Come From?
Stereotypes?
Status?
Status?
Realistic Group Conflict Theory
perceived competition for resources as cause of prejudice
"Just world" Phenomenon
believing people deserve what they get
Clark and Clark
Basis of Brown v. The Board of Education (1954)
Supreme court decision ending segregation
African American kids asked to choose whether they wanted to play with a white or black doll
Supreme court decision ending segregation
African American kids asked to choose whether they wanted to play with a white or black doll
Sources of Prejudice
Social Dominance Orientation- the need to feel that one's group is superior to other groups
Authoritarianism- preoccupation w/ formal authority, hierarchy
Authoritarianism- preoccupation w/ formal authority, hierarchy
Ingroup Bias
General Tendency to preferentially benefit members of your own group
Basic Attraction: Like it
Who do we like?
Familiarity and Similarity
Familiarity and Similarity
What Do We Like About Them?
Traits/Dispositions (intelligence, warmth, humor)
Sex Differences
Women: people we share feelings w/ emotional intimacy
Men: People we do stuff with
Men: People we do stuff with
Love and Marriage
Similarity:
Married after age 20, similar age
Same level of education, especially if high
Religious and of same religious affliation
Married after age 20, similar age
Same level of education, especially if high
Religious and of same religious affliation
Enviornment
Grew up in a 2-parent home
Sense of equity, fair give and take
Sense of equity, fair give and take
Relationship History
Dated for a long time, but did not live together
Good income
Sex often, arguments rarely
Good income
Sex often, arguments rarely
Love and War-Top Causes of Conflict
Sex
Money
Birth of First child
Money
Birth of First child
Love and Reconciliation
Gottman-4 horsemen of the apocalypse
-Criticism
-Defensiveness
-Contempt
-Stonewalling
-Criticism
-Defensiveness
-Contempt
-Stonewalling
About this deck
By: Chelsea Spaulding
Textbook: Social Psychology: Goals in Interaction (5th Edition)
Created: 2011-05-02
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 17
Textbook:
Social Psychology: Goals in Interaction (5th Edition)Created: 2011-05-02
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 17
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis