September 17, 2009
Anthropology 341 with Schwartz at Arizona State University - Tempe
About this deck
By: Chloe Frasca
Textbook:
Human Osteology, Second Edition
Created: 2009-09-17
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 9
Textbook:
Human Osteology, Second EditionCreated: 2009-09-17
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 9
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Define Joints
- Where two (or more) bones come together.
- Represent the weakest parts of the human skeleton.
Function and Structure of a Synarthroses Joint:
Function: Immovable
Structure: Fibrous
Function and Structure of a Amphiarthroses Joint:
Function: Slightly Moveable
Structure: Cartilagenous
Function and Structure of a Diarthroses Joint:
Function: Fully Movable
Structure: Synovial
Fibrous, Immovable Joints
Synarthroses
Sutures are what kind of joint?
Synarthroses
Slightly Movable, Cartilagenous Joints
Amphiarthroses
Sychondroses or the "epiphyseal plate" is an example of what kind of joint?
Amphiarthroses
Freely Moving, "Synovial" Joints
Diarthroses
Hinge or pivot joint is an example of what kind of joint?
Diarthroses
Four Parts Of a Diarthroses Joint:
1. Fibrous Joint Capsule
2. Synovial Membrane
3. Joint Cavity containing synovial fluid
4. Hyaline (articular) Cartilage
Bursa
Fluid-filled (synovium) sac interposed between joint capsules and overriding tendons.
Fulcrum
Point at which movement occurs.
Load
Weight (body/gravity/dumbbells)
Power
Muscular effort.
Power Arm
Distance between the Power and the Fulcrum.
Load Arm
Distance between the Load and the Fulcrum.
The longer the power arm..
the less effort needed to raise a given load.
Piezoelectricity
is the ability of some materials (notably crystals and certain ceramics) to generate an electric potential in response to applied mechanical stress.
Influences on bone growth and remodeling:
-Genetic
-Non-genetic (Epigenetic)
-mechanical (Stress)
Describe genetic influences on bone growth and remodeling.
Potential size, shape, etc.
Example: Parents are both tall, you are more likely to be tall.
Describe epigenetic influences on bone growth and remodeling.
Behavior, diet, etc.
Example: Drinking milk, eating veggies.
Describe mechanical influences on bone growth and remodeling.
Repetitive motion that wears a pattern into a person's skeleton.
Example: Chinese women's feet from being wrapped are now deformed.
Optimal Configuration
Suggested the bone obtained maximum mechanical efficiency with minimum mass.
Wolff's Law made simple:
Mechanical stress is responsible for determining the architecture of bone.
Remodeling of bone occurs in response to physical stresses (or the lack of them) in that bone is deposited in sites subjected to stress and is resorbed from sites where there is little stress.
Wolff's Law as written:
?Every change in the form and the function of a bone or of their function alone is followed by certain de?nitive changes in their internal architecture, and equally de?nite secondary alterations in their external condition, in accordance with mathematical laws.?
Types of loads bones experience:
Torsion, Compression, Tension
Tensile
Pulls Away
Torsion
Twisting force.
Anisotrophy
Material that has different mechanical properties when loaded in different directions.
Howship's Lacuna
Dip in bone made by osteoclasts.
Trabecular Bone
Spongy Bone
Cordical Bone
Outer Shell
Flexible Material
Only needs a small stress to produce a large shape change.
Stiff Material
Needs a large force (tensile stress) to produce a small shape change.
Strong Material
One with high breaking stress.
Weak Material
One with low breaking stress.
Diplòe
Spongy bone in the flat bones of the cranium ONLY.
About this deck
By: Chloe Frasca
Textbook: Human Osteology, Second Edition
Created: 2009-09-17
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 9
Textbook:
Human Osteology, Second EditionCreated: 2009-09-17
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 9
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy