SOC QUIZ TWO

-Saints manipulated the system in ways that hid their major delinquency

-refers to opinions or attitudes held by members of one group toward another

-their preconceived views are often based on hearsay rather than on direct evidence

-individual is resistant to change in opinion even in the face of new information

-people may have favorable prejudices about groups with which they identiy and negative prejudice against others

-people prejudice against a particular group will refuse to give it a fair hearing

-refers to the actual behavior toward another group

-can be seen in activities that distribute rewards and benefits unequally based on membership in the dominant ethnic groups

-involves exluding or restricting members of specific racial groups from opportunities that are available to other groups

-prejudiced opinions can influence discrimination but in an indirect way

-saw great inequality in wealth and power arising from capitalism, which, he argued, made class conflict unavoidable

- over time, oppression and misery would drive the working majority to organize and ultimately overthrow capitalism.

-through the fam, wealth and opportunity are passed down

-elite children mix at exclusive schools, forging social ties that will benefit them throughout their lives

-capitalism creates classes

-three aspects of social stratification are class, status, and power

- Weber saw Marx’s two-class model simplistic.

-Instead, he thought social stratification involves three distinct dimensions of inequality.

-first is economic equality: "class position"- did not think of as categories but rather a continuum ranging high to low

-saw social stratification as multidimensional ranking rather than a hierarchy of clearly defined classes

scapegoating and displacement: because they're thought as undeserving, the poor can be blamed for virtually anything that happens in everyday life.

-blaming the poor can also be for revenge and punishment

-FEELINGS of revenge toward the poor supply at least some emotional satisfactoin

-economic banishment and the reserve army of labor: people who have been labeled as undeserving (ex-cons, school dropouts) are banished from the formal labor market.

-If school dropouts, employers may not even give them a chance becuase they think they do not have proper work ethic

-banishment makes room for immigrant workers who work for lower wages (easily exploitble by threatning deportation)

-poor have played popular role in our culture as villains

-it allows the criminals to reinforce further mainstream norms and satisfy audiences-showing that crime does not "pay" like it should

-in television criminals are shown dead or alive in the hands of police, and more dramatically in action movies and tv series

-criminal characters have been poor immigrants, communist spies, and black/hispanic drug dealers

-rap/ghetto music is also very popular and does not reinforce mainstream norms

-Conservative power shifting: once poor are declared undeserving they lose their political legitimacy ( some cannot vote or choose not to because they know politicians will not listen to their demands)

-since politicians pay little attention to them, they pay even more attention to the more wealthy voters (therefore, shift to the "right")

-Extermination of the surplus: poorer people have always had higher mortality rates than the wealthy

-various social forces combined have found ways to get rid of the "excess people"

-poor people suffer and die from various reasons (AIDS, cancer, heart attacks, street crime, death during drug trade)

-death rates will rise if poor people continually are unemployed or rejected from labor force

-promotion barrier that prevents a woman’s upward mobility within an organization

-problematic for  women who work in male-dominated occupations

-progress until mid-level management positions

-lower paying, lower status jobs

-lower paying subspecialties (caretakers, secretarys)

-under investing in women of childbearing age

-in/out of labor force due to care work

-women’s salaries: supplements rather than main income

-women dominated fields-less prestigious

-poorer countries have adopted economic policies in prospering societies so they can prosper

-adoption of modern capitialist institutions to promote economic development

-so countires can develop economically only if they open their borders to trade

-exploitation of poor countries by wealthy ones (exploitation and poverty tied to global capitalism)

-multinational corporations based in wealthy countries

-argue that it began w/ colonialism, a political-economic system under which powerful countries establish, for their own profit, rule over weaker peoples or countries

-capitalist world system must be understood to make sense of global inequality

-emphasizes the interconnections among countires based on the expansion of the capitalist world economy

-this economy is made up o core countries, semiperipheral countries and peripheral countries

-govt  role in fostering economic growth

-offer alternatives to market-oriented theories, with emphasis on states as economic hindrances, and dependency theories (states as allies o global business elites in exploiting poor countries)

-family fulfilling specialize roles in modern societies- industrialization can make failies less importatnt as a unit of economic production and more focused on REPRODUCTION, CHILD BEARING, AND SOCIALIZATION

-primary socialization (young kids learn cultural norms);Personality: (families assist adult members emotionally)- marriage is the arrangement through adult personalities are supported and kept healthy. women more emotional, men bring home the bacon

-judge people on biological appearance