Social Learning/Social-Cognitive Theory

Psychology 240 with Llewellyn at University of Virginia

About this deck

By: Kelsey MacPherson
Textbook:

Theories of Personality
Created: 2011-12-08
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 14

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Theorists

Julian Rotter

Albert Bandura

Walter Mischel - started & led Situation-Trait controversy; worked w/ Bandura to establish SCT of Pers.

emphasize importance of learning and thoughts

Theory

like the Humanists - are phenomenological; it's experiences, thoughts, beliefs that predict behavior

add 3rd type of motivation - cognitive motivations to understand & predict our world

Julian Rotter

pers. represents interaction of ind. (life histories & experiences) w/ environment (stimuli they're aware & responding to)

formula for behavior - BPS1 = f(Erv & RVs1)

interpersonal trust

internal/external locus of control

Internal/External Locus of Control

not traits - are perceptions, beliefs, expectations; can vary across situations/time

experiences/life events can affect it - can learn to be more internal or external

unrealistic appraisals lead to problems

Common Assumption

the variables influencing pers. and development influence each other according to TRIADIC RECIPROCAL CAUSATION (reciprocal determinism)

all discuss importance of cognitive, behavioral, situational components of pers.

Similar to Radical Behaviorists

1. emphasize systematic study of human behavior - emphasize exp. approach

2. believe that learning is crucial aspect of behavior and pers.

3. situation is crucial determining factor of what behavior will be emitted, not traits

Dissimilar to RB

1. emphasize potential for people to influence destinies & develop w/in biological limits

2. emphasize cognitive processes & allow verbal self reports

3. learning can take place w/out rewards

Person Factors

self system - self efficacies & self-regulatory plans

biological aspects of the person

physical state of being

thoughts, feelings, skills

Structure

beliefs (what the world is like) & expectancies (what future will be like)

competencies or skills

goals

evaluative (internal) standards

Self Efficacies

beliefs about likelihood of you accomplishing a specific behavior at a specific time/situation

high SE - higher expectations of favorable outcome for behavior in situation at time; working longer, harder, thru adversity, preparing more vs. low SE

Process

learning - classical & operant conditioning, observational learning (modeling)

internal cognitive processes

Observational Learning/Modeling

learn a behavior, emotion, expectancy by watching others

What makes us pick one model over others?

similarity

attractiveness

model being reinforced

concerns over media

Vicarious Conditioning

learning an emotion by watching others

Vicarious Expectancy Learning

learning an expectation by watching others

Internal Cognitive Processes

1. develop expectancies of rewards/punishments/events in future

2. set goals

3. self-efficacies

4. self-regulation - delay of gratification, self punishment/reinforcement

Intrinsic Motivation

challenging standards + positive self eval. when met + self efficacy for meeting the standard

Ways Self Efficacies can change

performance accomplishment - you've done it before

vicarious experiences - you've watched me do it and succeed

verbal persuasion - you know you can do it

emotional arousal - interpretation of emotions

Psychopathology

1. learned something maladaptive

2. failed to learn something adaptive

can be behavior, goals/standards, expectancies, self conceptions/self efficacies

Dysfunctional Expectancies can lead to:

avoiding a situation

behaving in such a way as to actually cause what we are expecting to happen (similar to Roger's self consistency)

anxiety & maladaptive means of coping w/ anxiety

depression

Beck's Triad of Depression/Cognitive Triad

negative view of self, view of world, view of the future

Methods of Change

1. best way to change maladaptive behavior - radical behavioral treatment based on classical/operant conditioning

2. modeling or guided participation/mastery modeling/guided mastery

3. best way to change maladaptive expectancies, goals, standards, self conceptions, self efficacies is cognitive behavioral treatments

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Model

how we think affects feelings, how we feel affects our thoughts

both affect & are affected by behaviors and environment

looks similar to Bandura's model of reciprocal determinism - CB work w/ 2 specific person factors & two other factors in Bandura's model

Twisted Thinking (Beck & Burns)

1. All-or-nothing thinking - if situation falls short of perfect, it's total failure

2. Mental filter - focus on negative not positive

3. Discounting the positive - remember positive aspects, but don't count them

4. Should statements - leads to guilt & frustration (self) or anger & frustration (others)

5. Personalization & Blame - responsibility

State vs. Trait

Mischel reinterprets traits such as independence or friendliness as not biologically determined ways of behavior but as global stable thoughts incorporated into self schema

both use experimental & correlational approaches and use S,T,O data

Strengths

1. tied very strongly to research

2. considers important phenomenon - behavior, affect, environment, cognitions, self-efficacy

3. developing & elaborating as theory

4. brought attention to important theoretical issues

5. important contributions to health management & psychotherapy

Weaknesses

1. not yet a systematic unified theory

2. uses self-report data

3. needs more exploration into motivation, affect, and maturation of pers.

4. some findings are tentative

About this deck

By: Kelsey MacPherson
Textbook:

Theories of Personality
Created: 2011-12-08
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 14

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis