Social Psychology- Ch. 14
Psychology 100 with Muehlenkamp at University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire
About this deck
By: Corrie Hegwood
Textbook:
Psychology: A Journey (with Practice Exam and Visual Guide)
Created: 2010-12-05
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 33
Textbook:
Psychology: A Journey (with Practice Exam and Visual Guide)Created: 2010-12-05
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 33
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Social Psychology
The scientific study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in social situations.
Need to affiliate
(Associate with other people) is based on basic human desires for approval, support, friendship, and information.
Social Comparison
Making judgements about ourselves through comparison with others.
Interpersonal Attraction
Social attraction to another person.
Physical Proximity
nearness. Proximity promotes attraction by increasing the frequency of contact between people.
Halo effect
A tendency to generalize a favorable impression to unrelated personal characteristics. "We assume beautiful people are also likable, intelligent, warm, witty, mentally healthy, and socially skilled"
Competent
people who are competent have knowledge, ability, or proficiency.
Similarity
Refers to how alike you are to another person in background, age, interests, attitudes, beliefs, and so forth.
Homogamy
Tend to marry someone who is like us in almost every way. Also applies to unmarried couples who live together.
Self-Disclosure
The process of revealing private thoughts, feelings, and one's personal history to others.
Reciprocity
a return in kind.
Over disclosure
exceeds what is appropriate for a relationship or social situation, giving rise to suspicion and reducing attraction.
Romantic Love
Love that is associated with high levels of interpersonal attraction, heightened arousal, mutual absorption, and sexual desire.
Liking
A relationship based on intimacy, but lacking passion and commitment.
Mutual Absorption
Lovers (unlike friends) attend almost exclusively to one another.
Evolutionary psychology
Study of the evolutionary origins of human behavior patterns.
Social role
Expected behavior patterns associated with particular social positions (Such as daughter, worker, student.)
Ascribed
They are assigned to a person or are not under personal control. (Male or female, sone, adolescent, inmate.)
Achieved Roles
voluntarily attained by special effort: Spouse, teacher, scientist, bandleader.
Role Conflicts
Trying to occupy two or more roles that make conflicting demands on behavior.
Group Structure
The network of roles, communication pathways, and power in a group.
Group Cohesiveness
The degree of attraction among group members or their commitment to remaining in the group.
In-Group
A group with which a person identifies.
Out-Group
A group with which a person does not identify.
Status
An individual's position in a social structure, especially with respect to power, privilege, or importance.
Norm
A widely accepted standard of conduct for appropriate behavior.
Attribution
The process of making inferences about the causes of one's own behavior, and that of others.
Fundamental Attribution error
The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes (personality, likes, and so forth).
Actor observer bias
The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes while attributing one's own behavior to external causes (Situations and circumstances.)
Social influence
Changes in a person's behavior induced by the presence or actions of others.
includes "mere presence"=changes in behavior just because other people are nearby
Conformity
Bringing one's behavior into agreement or harmony with norms or with the behavior of others in a group in the absence of any direct pressure
Compliance
Bending to the requests of a person who has little or no authority or other form of social power
Obedience
conformity to the demands of an authority
Group sanctions
In most groups we have been rewarded with acceptance and approval for conformity and threatened with rejections or ridicule for nonconformity.
unanimity
total agreement
Foot-in the door effect
The tendency for a person who has first complied with a small request to be more likely later to fulfill a larger request.
Door in the face effect
The tendency for a person who has refused a major request to subsequently be more likely to comply with a minor request
Low ball technique
A strategy in which commitment is gained first to reasonable or desirable terms, which are then made less reasonable or desirable.
Self assertion
A direct, honest expression of feelings and desires
Aggression
Hurting another person or achieving one's goals at the expense of another person.
Attitude
A learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive or negative way.
Belief component of attitude
what you believe about a particular object or issue
Emotional component of attitude
consists of your feelings toward the attitudinal object.
Action component of attitude
your actions toward various people, objects, or institutions.
child rearing
the effect of parental values, beliefs, and practices
Reference group
Any group that an individual uses as a standard for social comparison
Persuasion
A deliberate attempt to change attitudes or beliefs with information and arguments.
Cognitive dissonance
An uncomfortable clash between self image, thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or perceptions and one's behavior.
Prejudice
A negative emotional attitude held against members of a particular group of people
Discrimination
Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical.
Authoritarian personality
A personality pattern characterized by rigidity, inhibition, prejudice, and an excessive concern with power, authority, and obedience
Ethnocentrism
Placing one's own group or race at the center--that is tending to reject all other groups but one's own
Social stereotype
oversimplified images of the traits of individuals who belong to a particular social group
Symbolic Prejudice
Prejudice that is expressed in disguised fashion.
Superordinate goal
A goal that exceeds or overrides all others; a goal that renders other goal relatively less important
Mutual interdependence
A condition in which people must depend on one another to meet each person's goals
Jigsaw classroom
a method of reducing prejudice; each student receives only part of the information needed to complete a project or prepare for a test.
Aggression
Any action carried out with the intention of harming another person
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
states that frustration tends to lead to aggression
Aggression cues
signals that are associated with aggression.
Social learning theory
Combines learning principles with cognitive processes, socialization, and modeling to explain behavior
Aversive stimuli
produce discomfort or displeasure and can heighten hostility and aggression
Prosocial behavior
Behavior toward others that is helpful, constructive, or altruistic
Bystander effect
the unwillingness of bystanders to offer help during emergencies
Empathetic arousal
Emotional arousal that occurs when you feel some of another person's pain, fear, or anguish.
Empathy-helping relationship
Observation that we are most likely to help someone else when we feel emotions such as empathy and compassion
Multiculturalism
Giving equal status, recognition, and acceptance to different ethnic and cultural groups.
Individuating information
information that helps define a person as an individual, rather than as a member of a group or social category.
Just-world beliefs
Belief that people generally get what they deserve
Self-fulfilling prophecy
An expectation that prompts people to act in ways that make the expectation come true
Social competition
Rivalry among groups, each of which regards itself as superior to others.
About this deck
By: Corrie Hegwood
Textbook: Psychology: A Journey (with Practice Exam and Visual Guide)
Created: 2010-12-05
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 33
Textbook:
Psychology: A Journey (with Practice Exam and Visual Guide)Created: 2010-12-05
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 33
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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