Socio 442 (6).doc

How do we explain migration and subsequent urbanization? What are the links to development? push and pull factors is migration permanent? What kind of challenges does increased city size create?\ Explanations of international migration new economy of migration place in a family, survival, diversify the household?s risks move for new job, provide money for family remittances, sending back part of income less pressure for household to support security or insecurity of economic survival land and family support globalization money moves from place to place periphery to semi-periphery to core people go to where the money is work in developed countries countries that have been colonized will go to the nations that colonized them (Algerians to France) not just wages but structure of global economy network theory why migration persists home nation and host country network abroad, offer others new opportunities with less risk body of resources is important to continuing migrants jobs, housing, schools, etc Policy implications Remittances and development People migrate, do they stay? Or can we make generalizations? circular migration, for work, then a movement back, less than an option now than it had been previously Why? Border patrol Employment security (agriculture) Financial disparities, expenses Who in a household leaves? Differences Young adult, male o female Head of household permanent urban migration people can no longer hold on to their land Challenges to increased city-size? Stress on public services, healthcare, transportation Access to roads and waterways Where is the work and how do you get there? Employment Security Electricity Increase in crime Sanitation (trash pickup, water) Where doe the water come from Where does the sewage go Housing, growth of inner city slum housing Auto construction (build home yourself, buy materials over time) Legal land tender How secure are you on it Creation of squatter settlements on outer rims of cities Collective group or individual family Priced out of inner city markets What are government?s interested in? How do government policies affect migration? elimination assimilation control and monitor nurture it, seek it out territorial expansion internal migration (times of war) Vasero Program crop pickers in California mid 1960?s Mexican citizens could sign up to work across the border and then return to Mexico Is migration a problem, benefit, mixed? individually business, jobs Can they support the migrants? Support of new workforce Environmental impact What occupational areas rely on migrant worker? Agriculture? Money back into economy Network theory recognizes that governments have little power over social networks focus on areas where there is no migratory flow avoid creation of network Remittances and Development modernization theory push for economic development invest in other nations foreign direct investment creates infrastructure, manufacturing, sources of jobs How does FDI really affect those nations that receive it? Polarized Income inequality -