Some Basic Chemistry
Biology 100 with Freymiller at University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire
About this deck
By: Nicole Sonnentag
Textbook:
Biology- W/Interactive Study CD
Created: 2010-10-20
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 16
Textbook:
Biology- W/Interactive Study CDCreated: 2010-10-20
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 16
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Matter
exist in time, has mass, and takes up space
Atom
smallest component of an element that possesses all unique characteristics of that particular element
Atomic structure
consists of electron cloud surronding nucleous that contains protons and neutrons
Protons
posses positive charge mass of one atomic mass unit
atomic number
Determined by the number of protons that are present in the nucleus of an atom
neutrons
have no charge and have a mass of one atomic mass unit
atomic mass
determined by the number of nutrons plus the number of protons in the nucleus
electrons
posses a negative charge and are approximantly 2000 times less massive than protons or neutrons
naturally occurring atom is electrically neutral
because it has an equal number of protons and neutrons
Electrons occupy orbitals around the nucleus
that represent specific quantiies of energy
Each orbital
holds a specific number of electrons
number of electrons in outermost orbital
determines the chemical properties of the element
when outermost orbital is filled with electrons
represents stable electron configuration
ion
formed when atom or group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons to aquire a net change
isotopes
atoms of the same element that posses different numbers of neutrons in the nuclei (12C or 14C) aquiring different atomic masses
radioactive isotopes
useful in medicine and biology
chemical bonds
a bond can form when electrons are redistributed between atoms or when atoms share electrons
compound
forms when two or more atoms chemically ond to one another
molecule
smallest component of a compound that posseses all unique characteristics of that particular compound
atom of a metal element
tends to give up one or more of its electrons
cation
losing electrons changes atom into positively charged cation which has fewer electrons than protons
atom of a non-metal element
tends to acquire one or more electrons
anion
gaining electrons changes atom into negativley charged anion which has more electrons than protons
ionic bond
forms between atoms that have different electron affinities
allows both atoms to acquire a stable electron configuration
Covalent bond
forms when atoms of non-metal elements share electrons
equal sharing electrons
between atoms in a diatomic molecule form a non-polar covalent bond
unequal sharing of electrons
form polar covalent bonds
dipole
in water molecules, oxygen "pole" behaves as if it is negatively charged and hydrogen "pole" behaves as if it is positively charged, thus forming a dipole
Hydrogen bond
a relatively weak electrical attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom in the same molecule or in different molecules because polarity makes them behave as if they were changed
ionic compounds
are hydrophilic (water- loving) because they dissolve easily in water
Polar molecules
are hydrophilic because they dissove easily in water
non-polar molecules
are hydrophobic (water-fearing) because they don't dissove easily in water
water
has a high heat capacity compared to other liquids
cohesion
the thendency for water molecules to bind to other water molecules
surface tension
occurs when water molecules at the surface of aqueous solution exhibit stronger attraction to one another than to air molecules
Adhesion
the tendency for water molecules to bind to other molecules
capillarity
allows water to move upward ainst force of gravity through narrow spaces
PH
measures that acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution
About this deck
By: Nicole Sonnentag
Textbook: Biology- W/Interactive Study CD
Created: 2010-10-20
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 16
Textbook:
Biology- W/Interactive Study CDCreated: 2010-10-20
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 16
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy