SPCH140 -- Quiz 1

Arts And Letters 140 with White at University of South Carolina - All Campuses

About this deck

By: Annie Jones
Textbook:

A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking
Created: 2011-09-19
Size: 123 flashcards
Views: 27

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dyadic communication

form of communication between two people, as in a conversation

small group communication

involves a small number of people who can see and speak directly with one another

mass communication

occurs between a speaker and large audience of unknown people who usually are not present with the speaker, or who are part of such an immense crowd that there can be little or no interaction between speaker and listener

public speaking

a speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience of people who are present during the delivery of the speech

source

or sender, is the person who creates a message

encoding

the process of converting thoughts into words

receiver

or audience, the recipient of the source's message

decoding

process of interpreting the message

message

the content of the communication process

feedback

the audience's response to a message

channel

the medium through which the speaker sends a message

noise

any interference with the message

shared meaning

the mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience

rhetorical situation

includes anything that influences the speaker, the audience, the occasion, and ultimately, the speech

oratory/rhetoric

practice of giving speeches

canons of rhetoric

invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery

ethnocentrism

the belief that the ways of one's own culture are superior to those of other cultures

responsibility

a change, trust, or duty for which one is accountable

ethos

Greek for "character"

First Amendment

guarantees freedom of speech

defamatory

potentially harms an individual's reputation at work or in the community

reckless disregard for the truth

if you knew that what you were saying was false, but said it anyway.

values

our most enduring judgments or standards of what's good and bad in life, of what's important to us.

dignity

ensuring that listeners feel worthy, honored, or respected as individuals

integrity

the speaker's incorruptibility

trustworthiness

combination of honestly and dependability

respect

addressing audience members as unique human beings and refraining from any form of personal attack

responsibility

being accountable for what you say

fairness

making a genuine effort to see all sides of an issue and ackowledging the information listeners need in order to make informed decisions

hate speech

any offensive communication that is directed against people's racial, ethnic, religious, gender, or other characteristics

plagiarism

the passing off of another person's information as one's own

wholesale plagiarism

occurs when you "cut and paste" material from sources into your speech and represent it as your own

patchwrite plagiarism

copying material into your speech draft from a source and then changing and rearranging words and sentence structure here and thereto make it appear as if it were your own.

direct quotations

statements made verbatim by someone else

paraphrase

restatement of someone else's ideas, opinions, or theories in the speaker's own words

common knowledge

information that is likely to be known by many people

a legal protection afforded the original creators of literary and artistic works

public domain

anyone may reproduce it

listening

conscious act of receiving, comprehending, interpreting, evaluating, and responding to messages

selective perception

people pay attention selectively to certain messages while ignoring others

active listening

listening that is focused and purposeful

listening distraction

anything that competes for the attention we are trying to give to something else

defensive listening

audience decides either that they won't like what the speaker is going to say or that they know better

special occasion speech

also called ceremonial speech, one that is prepared for a specific occasion and for a purpose dictated by that occasion

public-speaking anxiety

fear or anxiety associated with either actual or anticipated communication to an audience as a speaker

pre-preparation anxiety

anxiety the moment one knows they will be giving a speech

preparation anxiety

anxiety during the process of preparing for public speaking

pre-performance anxiety

speaker becomes anxious knowing that time is growing short before giving the speech

performance anxiety

when we are most aware of the audience's attention

audience analysis

the process of gathering and analyzing information about audience members with the explicit aim of adapting your message to the information your uncover

audience-centered approach

allows you to communicate a message that will be meaningful to your audience

attitudes

our general evaluations of people, ideas, objects, or events

beliefs

the ways in which people perceive reality

perspective taking

help you to see things from your listeners' point of view

demographics

the statistical characteristics of a given population

target audience

those individuals within the broader audience whom you are most likely to influence in the direction you seek

co-culture

social community, whose perspectives and style of communicating differ significantly from yours

socioeconomic status

includes income, occupation, and education

gender stereotypes

oversimplified and often distorted ideas about the innate characteristics of men or women

questionnaire

series of open and closed-ended questions

closed-ended questions

elicit a small range of specific answers supplied by the interviewer

fixed-alternative questions

contain a limited choice of answers

scale questions

measure the respondent's level of agreement or disagreement with specific issues

general speech purpose

answers the question, "Why am I speaking on this topic to this particular audience on this occasion?"

specific speech purpose

lays out precisely what you want the audience to get from the speech

thesis statement

is the theme or central idea of the speech stated in the form of a single, declarative sentence

supporting material

in the form of examples, narratives, testimony, facts, and statistics

examples

illustrate, describe, or represent things

brief examples

offer a single illustration of a point

extended examples

offer multifacted illustrations of the idea, item, or event being described, thereby getting the point across and reiterating it effectively

testimony

firsthand findings, eyewitness accounts, and people's opinions

expert testimony

includes findings, eyewitness accounts, or opinions from professionals trained to evaluate a given topic

lay testimony

testimony by nonexperts such as eyewitnesses, can reveal compelling firsthand information that may be unavailable to others

facts

represent documented occurences, including actual events, dates, times, people, and places

statistics

quantified evidence that summarizes, compares, and predicts things

percentage

the quantified portion of a whole

average

describes information according to its typical characteristics

primary research

original or firsthand research such as interviews and surveys

secondary research

includes information produced by others

periodical

regularly published magazine or journal

encyclopedias

summarize knowledge that is found in original form elsewhere

almanacs/fact books

contain facts and statistics on many subject areas and are published annually

atlas

a collection of maps, text, and accompanying charts and tables

information

data that is understandable and has the potential to become knowledge when viewed critically

propaganda

information represented in such a way as to provoke a desired response

misinformation

always refers to something that is not true

disinformation

the deliberate falsification of information

search engines

index the contents of the Web

meta-search engines

scan a variety of individual search engines simultaneously

individual search engines

compile their own databases of Web pages

specialized search engines

let you conduct narrower but deeper searches into a particular field

gateway

or information portal, is an entry point into a large collection of research and reference material that has been selected and reviewed by experts

virtual libraries

collections of library holdings online

field searching

goes beyond the basic search commands to narrow results even more

introduction

establishes the purpose of the speech and shows its relevance to the audience

body

presents main points that are intended to fulfill the speech purpose

conclusion

brings closure to the speech by restating the purpose, summarizing main points, and reiterating why the thesis is relevant to the audience

parallel form

in similar grammatical form and style

main points

express the key ideas of the speech

supporting points

represent the supporting material or evidence you have gather to justify the main points

coordination and subordination

the logical placement of ideas relative to their importance to one another

coordinate points

indicated by their parallel alignment

subordinate points

indicated by their indentation below the more important points

rhetorical questions

questions that do not invite actual responses

previews

are transitions that tell the audience what to expect next

internal summary

draws together important ideas before the speaker proceeds to another speech point

delivery

the skillful application of vocal and nonverbal conversational behavior in a way that is natural, enthusiastic, confident, and direct

speaking from manuscript

when you read a speech verbatim, from a prepared text with the entire speech

speaking impromptu

a type of delivery that is unpracticed, spontaneous, or improvised, involves speaking on relatively short notice with little time to prepare

speaking extemporaneously

falls somewhere between impromptu and written or memorized deliveries; prepared well and practiced in advance

volume

the relative loudness of a speaker's voice while delivering a speech

pitch

the range of sounds from high to low

speaking rate

the page at which you convey speech

pauses

enhance meaning by providing a type of punctuation, emphasizing a point, drawing attention to a key thought, or just allowing listeners a moment to comtemplate what is being said

pronunciation

the correct formation of word sounds

articulation

the clarity or forcefulness with which the sounds are made, regardless of whether they are pronounced correctly

mumbling

slurring words together at a low level of volume and pitch so that they are barely audible

dialect

a distinctive way of speaking associated with a particular region or social group

operational definition

defining the topic by explaining what it does

definition by negation

defining the topic by describing what it is not

definition by example

defining the topic by providing several concrete examples of it

definition by synonym

defining the topic by comparing it to something with which it is synonymous

definition by etymology

defining the topic by illustrating the root meaning of the term in question

About this deck

By: Annie Jones
Textbook:

A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking
Created: 2011-09-19
Size: 123 flashcards
Views: 27

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis