Speaking Mid-Term
Communication And Information 1101 with Berg at University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
About this deck
By: Abby Soderberg
Created: 2011-03-31
Size: 59 flashcards
Views: 33
Created: 2011-03-31
Size: 59 flashcards
Views: 33
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Communication Model Speaker( Sender)
-provide a clear message
-delivery message
-understand communication they need to use (language, tone, ideas)
-know your audience
Communication Model Listener(Reciever)
-give feedback
-be open to message
-understanding (interpret message)
-give communication back
Communication Model Noise
-Psychological: thoughts going through your head, emotions, fears, stress
-Physiological:
-Physical: noise from environment, talking, noise, music
Communication Model Context/Environment
-Context: genre or purpose, demographics of audience, time of week. Involves whole communication model. EVERYTHING involves CONTEXT.
-Environment:
Communication Model Feedback
given by the receiver
use context
Verbal Communication
spoken words
Nonverbal Communication
body language, gestures, facial expressions, tone, volume, clothing
Demograhics
-Way to analyze your audience
- race, gender, age, religion, etc,
-affects how you speak and delivery, how you connect,
-different frames of reference, content and topic
Size vs. Heterogeneity of Audience
-smaller audience-less heteroginity
-harder identifying with multiple people
Captive vs. Voluntary Audience
-Captive: at your job, harder audience, audience puts barrier up, have to get them to listen, demographics are unknown
-Voluntary Audience: going to see a speaker
Attitudes
-likes or dislikes
Beliefs
-perceptions
-deeper than an attitude
-more personal and important
Values
-morals
-things that guide your life
-even deeper
-hardest to change
-what drive your beliefs
Assumptions
-en-grained in you
-judging
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-physiological needs
-safety
-community/belonging
-esteem
-self actualization
Active Listening as Process
Recieving/Hearing: Physically hear the speaker, volume, environment, situation of audience, annunciation
Understanding: language used, comprehension, vocab or terms, facial and body language
Remembering: remember key terms, repetitive words,
Evaluating: get audience to think about it for themselves, get your audience to this step, have to get through first 3 first
Responding:
Listening as a Believer
-buy speaker credibility
-more open and willing to believe message
-learn more
-engaging in active listening
-miss counterarguments
-not questioning what they are saying
Listening as a Doubter
-always questioning their message
-never believing them
-equally listen to both sides
-may not think critically as much because always thinking of counterarguments
Listening in Context
can't be critical listener without this
combination of listening as a believer and a doubter
give them benefit of the doubt
Chronogloical Outline Design
-date
-way something works
-order based on time
Topical Outline Design
-different themes you want to talk about
Spatial Outline Design
-based on place/geography
MLA Citation format for In-Text Citations
(one author last name 8)
(title name if no author with quotations)
multiple authors
(alpha order with , inbetween 8)
Definition of Persuation
-claim supported by reasons
Claim
-statement of information
Reason
-support/evidence
Explicit Arguement
supported by reason intended to persuade your claim
audience is told directly of the claim and reason
Implicit Arguement
argument is implied using visuals
The Rhetorical Triangle
-All need to work together, logos and pathos enhance credibility
-Logos: evidence, logic, need proof, linked to construction of message
-Ethos: character and credibility, knowledgeable, background
-Pathos: feeling, emotion, emotionally motivate them
Framing
setting up evidence
sandwich evidence to help interpret evidence for your audience
Arguement Strategies
Analogy: support a claim by comparing one thing to another
Precedent: use history to establish what has come before
Metaphor: construct a reality that we perceive and act upon
Power of Language
-language shapes attitude: change how audience feels by word choice
-language shapes view point:
-language shapes emotion: use word that solicte emotion
Persona
-character you're trying to portray
Plato's Allegory of the Cave
How reality is perceived and created through different people's experiences or lack there of
Crisis Speeches (7)
- act as national priest
- transform from moment of destruction to national resiliance
- proclaim national ideals as strong and secure
-public experiences tragedy together
- those affected represent the best in the nation
- how you will ensue that this is not repeated
- tone is personal
Inagural Speeches (5)
- unify audience by reconstructing the peace
- talk about communal values drawn from the past
- set forth political principles that guide administration
- demonstrate through enactment office of president
- use high noble language
Language and Symbols
language is a collection of symbols
symbols work with reality to change the way they think
Phonological Rules
way we pronounce things
need to understand you to have credibility in you
Syntatic Rules
spelling
grammer
order of words
no grammer and audience wont trust you
Pragmatic Rules
practical logical
speech act
knowing how to address someone else
Social Definitions
How we define terms helps us define your arguement
Arguement and Public Memory
Community: want community with audience
Personal Memories:
Collective Memories public memory
Arguement by Analogy
support a claim by comparing one thing to another
transfer audiences understanding
part of larger argument and support for speech
ALWAYS look for explanation of analogy, explain your analogies
Argument by Precedent
use history to establish what has come before
situation in which decision was made
Argument by Metaphor
construct a reality that we perceive and act upon
attach to audiences beliefs and values
make simplistic and easy to understand
water down or demonize
Equivocal Language
one word with different definition
you control understanding
Relative Language
words get meaning when compared to something
Slang/Jargon
words based on culture
specialized language in field
Emotive/Loaded Language
words that carry strength and emotion behind them
Slippery Slope
one thing leads to another and another and another
Red Herring
distraction takes you off course to stop focusing on what you're talking about
Defective Testomony
use sources in unethical way
mis quoting
leaving out key info
Ad Hominem
attack person and not issue
Post Hoc Fallacy
attributing causeation that doesn't cause it
Hasty Generalization
make generalization about group quickly without support
Straw Man Fallacy
make your opponents arguement seem more simple than what it is
Bandwagon
everyone else does it so why don't you?
Two Wrongs make a Right
cheating
False Dilemma
you present one side as being horrific and so you have to be on my side
About this deck
By: Abby Soderberg
Created: 2011-03-31
Size: 59 flashcards
Views: 33
Created: 2011-03-31
Size: 59 flashcards
Views: 33
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis