study for mid-term 2
Psychology 100 with Hayes at Ohio State University - All Campuses
About this deck
By: mariah bowens
Textbook:
Psychology-from Inquiry to Understanding
Created: 2010-05-02
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 39
Textbook:
Psychology-from Inquiry to UnderstandingCreated: 2010-05-02
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 39
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(The Eye) Fovea
central part of the retina, for sharp vision.
(The Eye) Optic Nerve
Ganglion axons bundled out of eye.
Light
Waves of electromagnetic energy. Hits an object. some is absorbed. some is reflected.
Brightness
Intensity of reflected light.
Hue
Color of reflected light.
( The Eye) Lens
Focuses light rays.
(The Eye) Cornea
Bends light.
(The Eye) Sclera
White
(The Eye) Iris
Colored; controls how much light enters the eye.
(The Eye) Pupil
Black; pupilary reflex, contracts when in danger, dilate (expand) when we see something attractive.
Flat:
Fat:
Distant Objects.
Near Objetcs.
Myopia
Nearsightedness. Objects focused too far forward.
hyperopia
farsightedness. Objects focused too far back.
5 Senses
Taste, Touch, Smell, Sight, Sound.
Ivan Pavlov
Studied digestion in dogs.
Extinction
Gradual weakening of Conditioned Response.
Instinctual behaviors
Are not a product of learning
Classical Conditioning
Trained Reflexes
Operant Conditioning
Reward & Punishment
focuses on voluntary behaviors
Behaviorist Approach
Confirm of reject hypotheses about psychological events.
Unconditioned Stimulus
Natural Stimulus that produces response without learning.
Unconditioned Response
Unlearned
Edward Thorndike
Studied cats in puzzle boxes that had to do a task to get food.
The Law of Effect
If behavior had satisfying consequences then its more likely to be repeated.
Conditioned taste aversions
one-trial learning-----very adaptive
Positive reinforcement
pleasant stimulus is given to increase the probability of a response
(cell phone for good grades)
Negative reinforcement
unpleasant stimulus is removed to increase the probability of a response
(Mariahs mother stops nagging when she picks up her room)
Punishment
Take away pleasure; remove desirable stimulus
Shaping
Reinforcing sucessively closer approximations of a behavior until it is displayed.
B. F. Skinner
Measures learning in terms of how ofte an animal responds during a specific period of time.
Echolocation
Using sounds to determine the location of objects.
Causes of Deafness
Genetics, Disease, Injury, and Exposure to loud noise.
Smell & Taste
Are based on chemicals
Odors
Airbourne Chemicals
Flavors
Tasted Chemicals
Touch & Pain
How we sense pressure: mechanoreceptors sense light touch and deep pressure.
Touch
Travels more quickly than pain info.
Dermo-Optical Perception
Supposed ability to see without using the eyes.
Pitch
Wave frequency (cycle/seconds)
Timbre
Complexity
Ear Canal
Channels sound to eardrum
Tympanic Membrane
Eardrum; vibrates to transmit
Ossicles
3 bones; transmit waves to inner ear
Loudness
Wave amplitude (wave height, measured in decibels)
Blindsight
Subjects report not being able to see but can guess at substantially higher than chance levels.
hearing
"Audition"
Sound
Energy that travels as vibrations
(Color)
Blindness
Rely more on other senses; especially touch.
Visual Agnosia
Can't percieve objects
Can describe shape & color
Change Blindness
Difficulty detecting obvious scene change
"Change Blindness Bear"
Motion Blindness
AKA Akinetopsia
Missing "frames" in pictures.
Depth Perception Infancy
Appears about the time we crawl
Monocular Depth Cues
Rely on one eye
Binocular Cues
Rely on both eyes.
Color
Evaluated in the temporal lobe.
Vision uses 3 Colors
Red, Green, Blues.
(Eye)
Cones
Humans have 3 types of cones.
Sensory Adaptation
Senses Adapting
Adapting to a stinky smell.
Transduction: Action Potential
Process of converting external energies to "language" of nervous system.
Perception
Interpretation of a signal.
Sensation
Detection of physical energy by sense organs.
Receptor cells take in info>they relay it to the brain.
Stereotype Threat
People who believe their group are unlikely to succeed in a given test do more poorly.
Test Bias
When a test predicts outcomes better in one group than it does another.
Frontal Lobe
Part of brain that governs planning and decision making.
About this deck
By: mariah bowens
Textbook: Psychology-from Inquiry to Understanding
Created: 2010-05-02
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 39
Textbook:
Psychology-from Inquiry to UnderstandingCreated: 2010-05-02
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 39
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis