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Study guide (quiz 4)
Biology 171 with Waterstrat at Eastern Kentucky University
About this deck
By: jessica miller
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 10
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 10
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In the tooth what connects dentin to the surrounding jaw
Periodontal ligaments
What makes bile in the GI tract?
The liver
What are some of the major functions in the digestive system?
Mechanically and chemically digests food materials
Absorb nutrients
Expel waste
indigestion, digestion, proplusion, secretion, absorption
Absorb nutrients
Expel waste
indigestion, digestion, proplusion, secretion, absorption
What are some stuctures of the digestive system
GI tract
Oral Cavity
Oral Cavity
What are some accessory organs of the GI tract
Teeth, tongue, glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
Oral Cavity
Enterance of the GI tract, site of mechanically digestion and chemically digestion. Teeth lips, saliva, tongue and glands
Waht are the segmants of the GI tract
Lumen, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intest, anus, smooth muscle
What does smooth muscle do in the GI tract
Pushes materials from one end to another
Lumen
the inside of the GI tract
What is peristalis
A wave of contraction that moves material ahead of the wave through the GI tract toward the anus
What is segmentation
A back and forth movement in the small intest. Where by instead of material mixes with secretor products to increase the efficency of digestion and absorption.
Histology of the GI tract
The Gi tract from the esophagus through the large intestine is a tube composed of 4 layers (tunics)
What are the 4 tunics in the GI tract
The mucosa
Submucos:major blood and lymphatic vessels
the vascularis
the adventitit-serosa`
Submucos:major blood and lymphatic vessels
the vascularis
the adventitit-serosa`
Why are there circular and longitudal muscle in the GI tract
they help with contractions
contractions of the circular layer constrict the diameter of the tube lumen, while contractions of the longitudal layer shorten the tube.
contractions of the circular layer constrict the diameter of the tube lumen, while contractions of the longitudal layer shorten the tube.
What are 3 regions of the stomach
Fundus
body
pylorus
body
pylorus
Fundus
its the superior surface: it contracts the diaphram
Body of the stomach
largest region of the stomach: infereior to the fundus
pylorus
Plyloric offices
pyloric sphincter
lower esphogeal sphincter
pyloric sphincter
lower esphogeal sphincter
Major funtions of the stomach
The stomach facilitates mechanical digestion by the contrations of the muscularis layer, churns and mixes the bolus and the gastric secretions
The stomach facilitates chemical digestion through its gastic secretions of acid and enzymes
The stomach facilitates chemical digestion through its gastic secretions of acid and enzymes
Components of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunem
Ilelum
Jejunem
Ilelum
Duodenum
Forms the initial/ first segment
The duodenum is about 25Centimeters
originates at pyloric sphincter
it is a C shape around the pancreas
The duodenum is about 25Centimeters
originates at pyloric sphincter
it is a C shape around the pancreas
Jejunum
Middle region
2.5 meters
primary region for chemical digestion
nutrient absorption
2.5 meters
primary region for chemical digestion
nutrient absorption
Ileum
Last region
3.6 meters
3.6 meters
Funtion of the small intestine
Nutrition absortion
Enzymes are secreted in the sm. intest.
Enzymes are secreted in the sm. intest.
Villi
microscopic.
Increases surface area for absorption and secretion
Increases surface area for absorption and secretion
segments of the large intest.
Cecum
colon
Rectum
Anal canal
colon
Rectum
Anal canal
Large intest. funct
water and electrolytes
as water is absorped, it solidifys (feces)
it is stored until its defecation
as water is absorped, it solidifys (feces)
it is stored until its defecation
Funtions of the Pancreas
Exhibit both endocrin and exocrine functions
Endocrine: are performed by the cells of the pancreatic iselets
Exocrine activity results in the secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate (panc. juice) into duodenum
Chyme is neutralied by this juice and mixed with a variety of digestive enzymes as it enters the sm. Intestine
Endocrine: are performed by the cells of the pancreatic iselets
Exocrine activity results in the secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate (panc. juice) into duodenum
Chyme is neutralied by this juice and mixed with a variety of digestive enzymes as it enters the sm. Intestine
What are the liver functions
The liver produces bile: the fluid helps digest fat
Hepatocytes: detoxify drugs, metabolites, and poisons.
Stores excess carbs (glucose in the from of glycogen
Cleans blood
Hepatocytes: detoxify drugs, metabolites, and poisons.
Stores excess carbs (glucose in the from of glycogen
Cleans blood
What are the cause of peptic ulsers
A chronic solitary erousion of a portion of the lining of either the stomach or duodenum
Duodenial ulcers are common because it receives the chymefrom the stom. before it is neutralized (akline pan. juice)
Duodenial ulcers are common because it receives the chymefrom the stom. before it is neutralized (akline pan. juice)
What causes colon cancer
2nd most common cancer
Polyps, (growths from the colon mucosa)
in large intes, is exposted to fecal matter too long it then is exposed to the toxins
Polyps, (growths from the colon mucosa)
in large intes, is exposted to fecal matter too long it then is exposed to the toxins
Liver Cirrhosis (yellow liver)
Chronic injury to liver can cause this (over use of alcohol, drugs, and disease)
Results when hepatocytes have been destroyed and are replaced by fibrous scar tissue
Scar tiss compresses blood vessels and bile ducts leading to hepatic portal hypertentsion
Results when hepatocytes have been destroyed and are replaced by fibrous scar tissue
Scar tiss compresses blood vessels and bile ducts leading to hepatic portal hypertentsion
Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)
High concentration of certain materials in the bile call lead to formation of gallstones
factors: obesiety, age, female sex hormones, caucasion ethnicity, lack of Physical act.
formed by cholesterol, cacium of bile salts
factors: obesiety, age, female sex hormones, caucasion ethnicity, lack of Physical act.
formed by cholesterol, cacium of bile salts
What are the functions of the integumentary system
Provides protection
regulates body temp
site of cutaneous
prevents water loss
defense
metabolic reg.
secory reception
regulates body temp
site of cutaneous
prevents water loss
defense
metabolic reg.
secory reception
what is the integumentary system composed of
skin, glands, hair and nails`
RUQ
Liver, gall bladder, small intest, ascending and transverse colon right kidney
LUq
Stomach, liver, pancreas, small. intest, transverse colon, and descendin colon, pancras, lft kid and spleen
RLQ
parts of colon, appendix, right reproductive organs, right ureter
LLQ
parts of the colon, left reproductive organs, left ureter
Clinical significance of lineages and cleavage
lines of the cleavage in the skin identify the predominant oreientation of collagen fiber boundries. These are sig. becasue any procedure resultin in a cut rt. angle to a clavage line is usually pulled open due to recoil from cut elastic fibers. this often results in slow healing and increased scarring. a cut paralle to a cleavage line usually remains closed: fast healin
What is thick skin
on the plans of the hands, soles of feet, and corresponding surfaces of the fingers and toes
all five epidermal strata occur in thick skin: 400-600 micrometers
sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands
all five epidermal strata occur in thick skin: 400-600 micrometers
sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands
Thin skin
Covers most of the body, the epidermis lacks the stratum lucidum so its only 4 layers
Hir follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Hir follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Nail
Scale like modifications of the epidermis that form on the dorsal tips of the fingers and toes. they protect the exposed distal tips and prevent damage or distortion during jumping, flicking, catchin or grasping
Hair
A single hair is: pilus
3 kinds if hair
langu
vellus
terminal hair
3 kinds if hair
langu
vellus
terminal hair
Langu
is a fine unpigmented downy hair first appears in last trimester of development
vellus
replaces langu during birth. unpigmented or very light. upper and lower limbs
terminal hair
coarser, pigmented, and longer
scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes
puberty replaces vellus in axillary and pubic regiosn
in males: beards, arms legs and trunk
scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes
puberty replaces vellus in axillary and pubic regiosn
in males: beards, arms legs and trunk
exocrine glands of skin
sweat, sebaceous
Sweat glands
Apocrine glands: distrbuted in azillary, anal, areolar and pubic regions. produces viscous complex secretion influenced by hormones may act in signalin communication
merodcrine glands
distributed throguhout body, excep external genitailia and nipples and lips
produces nonviscous water secreation controlled by nervous system some antibacterial protection
produces nonviscous water secreation controlled by nervous system some antibacterial protection
sebaceous glands
associated with hair follicles produce lipid material sebum which coats epidrem and shaft of hair.
Integument structure
The integument contains superficial, stratified squamous epitheliumm called the epidermis, and a deeper, dense irregular connective tissue layer called dermis.
Deep to the dermis is the subcutaneous layer or hypodermis which is not part of he integumentary system.
Deep to the dermis is the subcutaneous layer or hypodermis which is not part of he integumentary system.
Integument functions
provide mechanical protection and a physical barrier protecti
About this deck
By: jessica miller
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 10
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 10
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj