Take_Home_Exam_Two_B_WO_2011.rtf

Take Home Exam Two B 2011 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. When scores are "bunched up" in the center of a distribution, the a. mean will be relatively low b. standard deviation will be relatively low c. correlation coefficient will be a negative number d. standard deviation will be relatively high ____ 2. When a frequency polygon has a sharp peak near the center, and very few scores a way from the center, you would expect that a. the mode for the data set will be greater than the mean b. the standard deviation for the data set will be high c. the standard deviation for the data set will be low d. the mean for the data set will be less than the median ____ 3. Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the WEAKEST association between two variables? a. +.74 b. -.43 c. +.09 d. -.85 ____ 4. Statistically significant results occur when the probability that the observed results are due to chance is a. very high b. moderately high c. moderately low d. very low ____ 5. Having a statistically significant result allows one to infer that a. a real difference exists between groups b. no errors were made in the calculations c. the factors in the study are positively correlated d. the data came from a normal distribution ____ 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the main considerations in a successful training initiative? a. valuing training and encouraging employee participation b. having an appropriate match between training methods and training needs c. providing clear support systems to ensure that t raining generalizes back to the job d. tying raises to the successful completion of training modules ____ 7. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that are associated with work teams in organizations? a. A work team consists of identifiable members. b. The person with the most experience serves as the team's leader. c. There is some degree of interdependence among the members of a team. d. A work team has an identifiable task or set of tasks to perform. ____ 8. Which of the following factors does NOT underlie the new emphasis on work teams within organizations? a. Organizations are in a continual state of transformation and this requires adaptability and flexibility. b. Incoming workers are better ed ucated, more qualified, and better able to take on leadership roles. c. A team approach allows for pooling of expertise from a number of individuals, who each have specialized knowledge within their area. d. Accurate, timely decision-making is crucial for companies, and teams make better decisions, in less time, than individuals. ____ 9. With respect to work motivation, which of the following is NOT one of the key components? a. consistency b. direction c. intensity d. persistence ____ 10. James has been working at his job for over 20 years, and he still finds it enjoyable and invigorating. Each day he looks forward to coming to work and meeting any new challenges that ma y arise. This aspect of James' work motivation illustrates the a. direction component b. intensity component c. consistency component d. persistence component ____ 11. According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of psychology was on the scientific study of a. observable behavior b. conscious experience c. unconscious motivation d. the functions of behavior ____ 12. Which of the following groups of psychologists would be most likely to focus on individual uni queness, freedom, and potential for growth as a person? a. behaviorists b. psychoanalysts c. humanists d. Gestalt psychologists ____ 13. Programmers who were working on a chess-playing super computer asked a psychologist from the ir university for some help in working out the problem-solving algorithms they would be using. The psychologist who helped with this project was most likely a. a behavioral psychologist b. a humanistic psychologist c. a biological psychologist d. a cognitive psychologist ____ 14. Empiricism means that knowledge should be acquired through a. logical reasoning b. common sense c. historical tradition d. direct observation ____ 15. According to research find ings, which of the following has been found to be associated with higher grades? a. not changing answers on tests b. attending class regularly c. writing down everything your instructor says d. putting off studying until just before an exam ____ 16. A group of researchers wants to determine if people are more likely to follow directions if the person giving the directions is in a uniform. Half the participants are directed to a parking spot by a uniformed security guard, the other half are directed t o a parking spot by an individual wearing blue jeans and a T-shirt. In this study, the dependent variable would be a. the number of participants who park in the spot they are directed to b. the type of clothing worn by the person giving the directions c. the gender of the person driving into the parking lot d. the distance between the parking spot and the entrance ____ 17. A researcher has children watch 30 minutes of violent television, and then counts the number of times they hit each other afterward in a one-hour play period as a measure of aggression. The researcher concludes that television violence causes aggression. However, this conclusion may be invalid because a. the study is strictly correlati onal b. aggression wasn't operationally defined c. there was no control group d. it is unethical to force children to watch violent television ____ 18. In experiments, placing subjects in experimental groups such that each subject h as an equal probability of ending up in any experimental group is referred to as a. random selection b. random sampling c. random forecasting d. random assignment ____ 19. Georgeanne calculated descriptive statistics for the age of residents in a nursing home. She reported the mean age as 75 years, with a standard deviation of 10 years. Later she found that she had made an error in her calculations. One resident's age was e n tered as 27 when it should have been 72. When this correction is made a. the standard deviation for the data set will decrease b. the standard deviation for the data set will not change c. the standard deviation for the data set will increase d. the correlation coefficient for the data set will become negative ____ 20. Dr. Macator predicts that people will act more aggressively during the heat waves of summer than they will during the cold spells of winter. This suggests that Dr. Macator believ es that temperature and level of aggression are a. negatively correlated b. independent variables c. uncorrelated d. positively correlated ____ 21. The neurons in Michael's arm just sent a neural impulse. It will be 1-2 millisec onds before another neural impulse can be generated. This brief time period, when another neural impulse cannot occur, is called the a. all-or-none period b. absolute refractory period c. resting potential d. postsynaptic discharge ____ 22. The primary function of the cerebellum is to a. process visual information b. control blood pressure c. coordinate body movement d. store semantic memory ____ 23. Zoe has a small brain tumor that is pressing on areas in her right frontal lobe. You would most likely suspect that Zoe will experience difficulties a. moving some portions of the left side of her body b. hearing sounds that are located to her left c. moving some portions of the right side of her body d. tasting foods in the right side of her mouth ____ 24. Which of the following are generally considered the key functional units in hereditary transmission? a. dichromats b. limens c. chromosomes d. genes ____ 25. Which of the following techniques can be used with the functioning, working brain? a. EEG only b. PET only c. MRI only d. EEG, PET, or MRI can all be used ____ 26. When researchers have attempted to demonstrate subliminal perception effects in the real world, they have typically found that a. such effects are substantial and a potential cause for public concern b. people are much more likely to be influenced by "positive" subliminal stimuli (e.g., self-help tapes) than "negative" ones (e.g., su bliminal advertising) c. such effects are so weak as to be of little, if any, practical importance d. people are much more likely to be influenced by "negative" subliminal stimuli than "positive" ones ____ 27. Isaiah is having his eyes checked. The doctor has put drops in Isaiah's eyes that will cause the pupils to open wide. As the drops begin to work, Isaiah will most likely notice that a. he will lose some of his color vision b. his vision will start to become quite blurry c. his vi sion will become extremely sharp and clear d. colors will appear to be "super" saturated ____ 28. In dim light, the pupil of the eye is a. dilated, producing a sharper image b. constricted, producing a sharper image c. constricted, producing an image that is not as sharp d. dilated, producing an image that is not as sharp ____ 29. In order to maximize visual acuity at night, you should a. look directly at the object you wish to see b. turn your head at a slight angle to the object c. close one eye d. blink your eyes several times to hasten dark adaptation ____ 30. If you project a red, a green, and a blue light into space, the point at which t he three lights cross will lead to the perception of a. black light b. ultraviolet light c. white light d. infrared light ____ 31. Rather than provide details about the party she just attended, Patty tried to gi ve her overall impression, operating on the assumption of __________, that the whole may be greater than the mere sum of its parts. a. psychophysics b. holistic psychology c. Gestalt psychology d. psychodynamics ____ 32. The successive blinking on and off of the lights on the neon sign gave the impression of beer filling a glass. This illusion of motion is the a. phi phenomenon b. constancy principle c. common-fate principle d. motion parallax effect ____ 33. Our ability to see three dimensions based on having only a two-dimensional retina is known as a. depth perception b. sensory accommodation c. visual acuity d. rod-cone refractance ____ 34. Amanda had an operation on her eyes, but the doctors were unable to save the vision in her left eye. One major change that will affect Amanda's perception is the fact that she will a. no longer have any perception of depth b. be more likely to misinterpre t perceptual illusions c. no longer be able to utilize binocular depth cues d. lose her ability to perceive colors accurately ____ 35. In order to keep focusing on an object as it moves closer to your face, you must a. rotate your eyes outward b. rotate your eyes inward c. look straight ahead d. focus at a point some distance beyond the approaching object ____ 36. Gabriella was looking for shelter from the sudden cloudburst, and at first she h ad difficulty judging whether the old barn or the farmhouse was closer. However, when she noticed that the barn partially obscured the corner of the house she headed for the barn. She was able to judge which building was closer based on a. texture gradient b. interposition c. relative size d. linear perspective ____ 37. The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the a. cochlea b. oval window c. temporal lobe d. stirrup ____ 38. The theory of hearing that views the basilar membrane as being like a drumhead is a. place theory b. timpani theory c. frequency theory d. opponent process theory ____ 39. Dan was able to tell that the voice he heard calling his name was coming from the building on his left because of a. auditory localization b. depth perception c. perceptual constancy d. perceptual set ____ 40. The two major cues we use to localize sound sources in space are a. distance and loudness b. intensity and timing differences at the ears c. pitch and loudness differences at the ears d. loudness and timbre differences at the ears ____ 41. One key gender difference that has been found with respect to tasting is that a. men are more likely than women to be supertasters b. women tend to react more to sweet tastes while men react more to bitter tastes c. men tend to react more to sweet tastes while women react more to bitter tastes d. women are more likely than men to be supertasters ____ 42. Research which has investigated odor recognition has found that a. males tend to be somewhat more accurate than females on these types of tasks b. females can detect odors at weaker levels, but males are better at naming the odor c. females tend to be somewhat more accurate than males on these types of tasks d. males can detect odors at weaker levels, but females are better at naming the odor ____ 43. You have a severe ear infection. One potential side effect would be a. blurred vision b. loss of balance c. loss of ability to taste the "flavor" of food d. an enhanced sense of smell ____ 44. The __________ were more concerned with interpreting a viewer's fleeting perception of reality than with recreating the photographic "reality" of a scene. a. Medievalists b. Realists c. French Impressionists d. Cubists ____ 45. Hue is to pitch as brightness is to a. timbre b. purity c. loudness d. retinal disparity ____ 46. The idea that one's consciousness continually changes, fluctuates, and wanders characterizes William James's concept that consciousness is a. an incomplete picture puzzle b. a partially submerged iceberg c. a stream d. a flower garden ____ 47. The delta wave EEG pattern is associated with a. dreaming b. deep sleep c. a waking state d. none of these states ____ 48. Dr. Everett is observing Robert in a sleep lab. Dr. Everett intends to wake Robert up each time he begins REM sleep. Based on the electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings, Robert should be awakened each time the EEG shows a. alpha wave activity b. low-volta ge, high frequency beta waves c. the presence of sleep spindles d. theta wave activity ____ 49. Which of the following is NOT associated with REM sleep? a. heightened muscle tension b. dreaming c. irregular breathing d. irregular pulse rate ____ 50. Cody is visiting his pen pal in a tropical, non-industrialized village. Cody is likely to find that the inhabitants of the village a. take a 1-to-2 hour midday nap each day b. are less likely than Americans are to encourage co-sleeping c. experience less REM sleep than is typical for Americans d. experience less slow-wave sleep than is typical for Americans ____ 51. Imagine that a mammal was discovered that had no pons in the hindbrain. You should predict that this mammal would a. never experience NREM sleep b. sleep for most of the day c. never experience REM sleep d. seldom sleep ____ 52. The Featured Study is representative of a great deal of recent research which suggests that the effects of sleep deprivation a. are substantially different in males and females b. vary as a function of one's normal sleeping habits c. are more serious than widely believed d. are practically nonexistent in healthy adults ____ 53. Valerie has episodes in which she experiences a sudden and irresistible urge to sleep during normal waking periods. Valerie MOST likely suffers from a. narcolepsy b. hypersomnia c. cretinism d. a lack of REM rebound ____ 54. Robert experienced much severe punishment in childhood and, as a way to cope, he developed an active fantasy life. Robert would be a good candidate for a. hypnosis b. meditation c. insomnia research d. drug research ____ 55. Which of the following does NOT happen when a person is in a meditative state? a. Alpha waves become more prominent in EEG recordings. b. Heart rate decreases. c. Oxygen consumption increases. d. Respiration rate decreases. ____ 56. A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as a. a hallucinogen b. a sedative c. a narcotic d. an amphetamine ____ 57. Jasmine used to feel quite giddy and light-headed after drinking a single glass of wine. Now she finds she can drink three glasses of wine before she feels giddy. This suggests that Jasmine a. has developed an alcohol dependency b. is experiencing the effects of alcohol withdrawal c. has become alcohol intolerant d. has developed a drug tolerance for alcohol ____ 58. The combined effect of certain drugs can be much greater than the sum of the effects of each one alone. Such an effect is said to be a. additive b. polymorphous c. multiplicative d. synergistic ____ 59. Which of the following drugs would be MOST likely to result in a fatal overdose? a. LSD b. mescaline c. marijuana d. barbiturates ____ 60. Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose? a. LSD b. heroin c. cocaine d. barbiturates ____ 61. Chronic, heavy use of MDMA is NOT associated with a. depression b. reduced fertility c. memory deficits d. increased anxiety ____ 62. The effects of many psychoactive drugs depend to a large extent on users' expectations. This finding illustrates which of your text's unifying themes? a. Psychology is empirical. b. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. c. Our experience of th e world is highly subjective. d. Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage ____ 63. Samantha likes to drink three glasses of wine before she goes to bed. She claims that the wine helps her unwind, and she sleeps better. Based on research into th e effects of alcohol, Samantha should be aware that when she drinks in this way she a. spends too much time in REM sleep and not enough time in slow-wave sleep b. actually spends less time in both REM sleep and slow-wave sleep c. spends too much time in slow-wave sleep and not enough time in REM sleep d. is more likely to experience either nightmares or night terrors during sleep ____ 64. Which of the following statements regarding yawning is LEAST accurate? a. Yawning is seen in all cultures. b. Yawning is a response to a buildup of carbon dioxide. c. Yawning is correlated with sleepiness and boredom. d. Yawning is seen in other mammals, as well as in birds, fish, and reptiles. ____ 65. Which of the following is NOT good advice for combating insomnia? a. Develop a bedtime sleep ritual. b. Read a dull textbook before going to bed. c. Avoid taking naps during the day. d. Have a cup of warm coffee just before going to bed. ____ 66. Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of neurons? a. generating information b. transmitting information c. receiving information d. integrating information ____ 67. The typical speed of an action potential is a. dependent on the intensity of the excitatory signals b. between 2 and 200 miles per hour c. approximately the speed of light (186,000 miles/second) d. approximately the speed of sound (740 miles/hour) ____ 68. Garrett has a chronic disease that is slowly destroying the cells that produce serotonin in his brain. As the disease progresses, Garrett is likely to find a. his memory gradually worsens b. he begins to experience symptoms of schizophrenia c. he will st art to show signs of Parkinson's disease d. his sleeping and waking cycles will be disrupted ____ 69. MRI scans of schizophrenic patients have indicated that a. schizophrenic subjects have higher levels of dopamine than nonschizophrenic subjects b. schizophrenic subjects have larger ventricles than nonschizophrenic subjects c. schizophrenic subjects have lower levels of catecholamines than nonschizophrenic subjects d. the amygdala of schizophrenic subjects is structurally defective relative to non schizophrenic subjects ____ 70. Which brain structure appears to play an active role in integrating sensory information? a. hypothalamus b. limbic system c. thalamus d. cerebrum ____ 71. The function of the hypothalamus is to regulate a. hunger b. thirst c. body temperature d. hunger, thirst, and body temperature ____ 72. Imagine that you have stumbled across a secret laboratory where an evil scientist is conducting unauthorized brain research. By altering brain structures he has created superheroes who have specialized powers or abilities. One of these superheroes is absolutely fearless and willing to undertake extremely dangerous missions. In this case, the brain structure that the scientist most likely altered would be a. the me dulla b. the cerebellum c. the midbrain d. the amygdala ____ 73. The main reason for the characterization of the left hemisphere as the "dominant" hemisphere was a. the evidence that the left hemisphere usually processes language b. the evidence that the left hemisphere usually processes complex information c. the fact that the majority of people are right-handed d. that split-brain patients use only their left hemisphere for processing information ____ 74. Much of the endocrine system is controlled by the nervous system through the a. medulla b. hypothalamus c. thalamus d. cerebellum ____ 75. Donavon was adopted at birth by Mr. and Mrs. Erndt. Although neither of his biological p arents had much musical ability, Donavon has become an excellent pianist, just like Mr. Erndt. This information could be used as evidence to suggest that a. environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors in musical talent b. both genetic a nd environmental factors contribute equally to musical talent c. genetic factors have more influence than environmental factors in musical talent d. neither genetic nor environmental factors contribute to musical talent