Terrestrial Wildlife Final

1. Habitat Changes and Fragmentation

1. Protect fragile or critical habitats

1. Do not represent all ecosystems or communities, often being select for other reasons.

A strip of habitat that connects two or more large blocks of habitat and that is proposed for conservation on the grounds that it will enhance or maintain the viability of specific wildlife populations in the habitat blocks.

1. Increase immigration rate to a reserve, which can increase or maintain species richness, populations of particular species and decrease probability of extinction, prevent inbreeding depression and maintain genetic variation. Provide increased foraging for wide-ranging species, predator escape, mix of habitats, refugia from disturbances, limit urban sprawl and provide recreational opportunities.

Increase migration rate which could spread disease, pests, exotics. Decrease genetic variation or lead to 'outbreeding depression', spread fire, increase exposure to hunters and poachers, might not enhance dispersal, cost and conflict with conventional land preservation strategy to preserve endangered species habitat.

A species whose functional role in the community is disproportionately greater than that predicted by its abundance. Its removal has strong effects on community diversity and composition, tend to be top predators in terrestrial systems.  

A species is one that is used to attract the attention of the public. This is usually a large, charismatic species.

A species that provides a 'protective umbrella' such that its minimum area requirement is at least as comprehensive as the res of the community. Effective protection of a viable population in this area is assumed to protect populations of other sumpatric members of the same guild.

A species whose characteristics are used as an index of attributes too difficult, inconvenient, or expensive to measure for other species or environmental conditions of interest.

Species that indicate pattern of biodiversity.

Species that indicate environmental changes.

Those that indicate environmental health of the area

Those that indicate changes in populations of other species.

deliberate and mediated movement of wild individuals or populations from one part of their range to another.

addition of individuals to an existing population of conspecifics.

an attempt to establish a species, for the purpose of conservation, outside its recorded distribution but within an appropriate habitat and eco-geographical area. This is feasible only when there is no remaining area left within a species historic range.

1. Enhance long-term survival

1. Disease

Non-domestic animals that exist in urban landscapes.

1. Population density decreases

1. Lethal Control

It is an active management technique used to control wildlife populations and reduce population density.

1. Non-lethal

1. Potentially costly

International Union of Conservation of Nature

Species Survival Commission

total number of individuals of a taxon

number of mature individuals

geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is littler demographic or genetic exchange

number of individuals known, estimated or inferred to be capable of reproduction

Average age of parents of the current cohort

area contained within the shortest continuous imaginary boundary which can be drawn to encompass all the known, inferred or projected sites of present occurrence of a taxon, excluding cases of vagrancy

area within its 'extent of occurrence' which is occupied by a taxon, excluding cases of vagrancy.

Critically Endangered

Endangered

Velnerable

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

list species most endangered

Lists species not necessarily threatened with extinction

Lists species included at the request of a Party that already regulated trade in the species that needs to cooperation or other countries to prevent unsustainable or illegal exploitation

the variety of types or organisms, habitats, and ecosystems on earth or in a particular place

tropical vegetation is more structurally complex, providing more niches than higher latitudes

ice caps covered large areas of northern North America and Eurasia, and that melted only 10,000 years ago. There has been insufficient time to reinvade these higher latitudes and evolve new species.

Warmer temperatures and higher rainfall or tropical regions allowed species to fir into narrow niches over small areas while still maintain a large enough population to avoid extinction.

higher biodiversity in the tropic included a higher number of predators. These impose top-down regulation on prey, which allows a greater number or prey species to coexist because they are not competing with each other.