Test 1

field crops

-grain, fiber, forage crops

-Olericulture

-Pomology

-Ornamental Horticulture

aesthetic uses, improvement of quality of life and our environment, and functional uses

-energy conservation

-floritculture

-floristry

-nursery production

-landscape horticulture

-Turf

floral design and retail floristry operation

-valentines day

-tree, shrub, and vine culture and production

-use around home, etc

grasses for lawns, sport facilities, landscapes and golf courses

-considered horticultural or agrinomical

-dermal

-vascular

-ground/fundamental

-protection from the environment and water loss

    -keeps bad suff out (you can eat tomatos grown in sewer)

-epidermis

-periderm or bark

-single layer of cells on primary (herbaceous) plant parts

-flower, lettuce, parsely

-dermal tissue sys

-corky tissue that replaces epidermis on secondary plant parts

-oak trees, pine trees, hard seeds on lettuce

-dermal tissue sys

1st

-we typically eat

-soft, succulent, herbaceous

2nd

-2nd stage of growth, hard, tough, woody

-conduction of water, nutrients, sugars and hormones throughout the plant

-xylem

-phloem

conducts water and nutrients UP roots, stems, and leaves

-vascular tissue sys

conducts water, sugar, hormones, etc, DOWN AND UP roots, stems and leaves

-moves from sources to sinks

-vascular tissue sys

storage, support, filler tissue and site of photosynthesis

-cortex

-pith

-mesophyll

-parenchyma

-collenchyma

-sclerenchyma

-most common (1st cell made)

-thin, primary cell walls

-filler, storage, protection, photosynthesis

-ex: flesh of potato, lettuce leaf

-thicker than paren

-unevenly thickened

-non-lignified primary cell walls

-support in growing tissues

-ex: strings in celery stalks, stems

-evenly thickened, lignified secondary walls

-dead at maturity

-support in mature tissue

-ex: fiber=bamboo cane

      sclereid=seed coat (long, slender, pointed on ends)

      stone cell=pear fruit (multi-shaped/columnar)

polymer or chain of sugars

specialized structures in cytoplasm each with specific functions

-part of cell that carries on life processes

location of DNA and some of the RNA

-genes, chromosomes; where true life occurs

major site of respiration; called the "power house" of the cell

-outer membrane a bunch of inner membranes

double membrane-bound bodies for storage and photosynthesis

-plants have and animals don't

STARCH storage

-ex:potatoes

FAT and OIL storage

-ex:peanuts and avocadoes

COLORED plastids for storage of carotenoids (ORANGE and YELLOW)

-antioxidents, stop oxidation

tubular membranes for communication across the cytoplasm

-site of protein and membrane synthesis->intracellular communication

storage of organic acids, salts, anthocyanins(blue, red, and purple)

-metabolic wastes, enzymes and metabolites-->where plant goes to the bathroom

contains instructions for how to make proteins

-double helix chain of sugar-phosphates (ATGC)

blueprint (don't do anything)

-lenth of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or protein subunit

-also codes for active RNA's

-organizes the protein

polymer or chain of amino acids

-enzymes that catalyze reactions tht build everything

protein that acts as a metabolic catalyst

-only piece together ONE part of molecule

-young plant

-growth in length that gives rise to primary (HERBACEOUS) tissues called the primary plant body

-grow from tip

growth in width or dimeter that gives rise to secondary tissues

-woody/corky

-diameter growth

-sheet-like meristem btwn the bard and wood along the sides of woody stems and roots, gives rise to secondary xylem (wood) on the inside and secondary phloem on the outside

-btwn wood and bark is only living part of tree

parallel venation

-flowers in multiples of 3

-no cambium or secondary growth

-grasslike

-corn, wheat

flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

-cambium present, can have woody secondary growth

-network pattern, veins run everywhere

-lettuce, tomatoes

no true flowers

-leaves like needles

-may become woody

-pine trees, junipers, cypress

rough areas on stems composed of loosely packed cells extending from the cortex through the ruptured epidermis; "breathing pores" for gas exchange

-only young stems

terminal point of the leaf

-simple leaf

flattened, green expanded portion of a leaf

-simple leaf

most prominent central vein in a leaf

-simple leaf

secondary veins in a leaf

-simple leaf

leaf stalk (connects blade to stem)

-simple leaf

leaf-like appendages (base of petiole of some leaves)

-simple leaf

extension of the petiole bearing leaflets

-compound leaf

leaflet stalk (small petiole)

-compound leaf

leaf stalk

-compound leaf

leaf-like appendages (base of petiole of some leaves)

-compound leaf

feather-like

veins extend from midrib

-dicots, elm, oak

-simple leaf

finger-like

major veings diverging from union of the petiole and leaf blade

-dicots, maple

-simple leaf

principal veins parallel to axis of leaf

-momocots, grasses

-simple leaf

leaflets arising from along both sides of the rachis

-rose, pecan

-feather like fashion

-compound leaf

leaflets all arising from the same location at the top of the petiole

-buckeye, schefflera, poison ivy, bean

-no rakus

-compound leaf

oen aperture in the epidermis surrounded by two guard cells

-more frequent on epidermis of lower leaf surface

-found on some herbaceous stems, fruits and petals

-open when guard celld are full of water (turgid)

-close when guard cells are flaccid (not alot of water)

open during day and close during night

-typical plant

open during night and close during day

-desert plants

makes big, soft leaves

thinner due to thinner palisade parenchyma layer

larger size

-ex: fine cigar

reproductive organ of higher plants

contain at least 1 female reproductive part, the pistil, and/or 1 male reproductive part, the stamen

contains all floral part

-sepal, petal, stamen and pistil

lacks one or more of the floral parts

-ex:tulip (perfect but incomplete)

contains both pistil and stamen (may or may not have sepal or petal)

-cam polinate selves

(female)

contains only pistil (may or may not have sepal or petal)

(male)

contains only stamen (may or may not have sepal or petal)

both staminate(male) and pistillate(female) flowers occur on same plant

-corn, cucumber, squash, pumplins,

-can pollinate selves

staminate(male) and pistillate(female) flowers occur on separate plants

-ex: holly, persimmon, ginkgo

DIVORCE

green plastid in which photosynthesis occurs

-found in leaves (green)

reaction that uses water and light energy and evolves oxygen

(grana) energy producing process that helps assemble the glucose

reaction that uses the carbon dioxide and produces the carbohydrate

-(stroa) only occur when light reaction occurs (occurs during DAY TIME)