Test 3 - DNA Replication, Transcription, and Tran

Microbiology, Immunology, And Molecular Genetics 2224 with Cisar at Northeastern State University - Tahlequah Campus

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By: Alix Wells
Created: 2012-03-13
Size: 65 flashcards
Views: 21

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amino acids

Proteins are made up of what?

amino acids

Proteins are polymers of what?

peptide bonds

amino acids are linked together by what?

protein synthesis

Translation = ?

Primary Structure

Protein structure - order of amino acids

Secondary structure

Protein structure - alpha - helix and beta-sheet ( hydrogen bonding between hydrogen bonds)

Tertiary structure

3D shape, 1 polypeptide(interactions between R-groups of amino acids)

Quaternary structure

3D shape > 1 polypeptide

4 different nucleotides

RNA structure has what?

T(DNA) or U(RNA)

A hydrogen bonds with what?

Codon

triplet of nucleptides in mRNA

amino acid

each codon specifies a particular what?

how many possible codons?

20 amino acids

61 codons for what?

several different codons

Most aa sequences are encoded by what?

start codon

AUG, N-formylmethionine, methionine

universal

the Genetic Code is mostly what?

random

codon usage is not what?

Open reading frame

has a start codon (AUG), followed by other codons and ends with a STOP codon in the same reading frame

interpretation of mRNA

The role of transfer RNA(tRNA) in translation is what?

the top of the tRNA

an amino acid is attached to the waht?

anticodon

3 nucleotides at the bottom of the tRNA are called what?

tRNA

the anticodon base pairs with the codon that specifies the amino acid carried by the what?

anticodon-codon complementary base pairing

tRNA's bind to mRNA using what?

exact

sometimes anitcodon: codon base pairing is not what/

normal basepairing

First 2 bases of codon are?

abnormal base pairing

last base is?

codon

one tRNA can bind to more than 1 what?

GCC and GCU

CGG hydrogen bonds with what?

-anticodon and aa of are variable

- acceptor end (invarient)

Major components of tRNA molecule

anticodon : amino acid combo

every tRNA has a specific what?

amino acid

there is at least 1 aminoacyl - tRNA synthetase for each what?

tRNA's that encode Leu

one aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase attatches Leu to all what?

tRNA

enzyme ensures that the correct amino acid is attatched to tRNA

step 1 - acivation of aa

step 2 - formation of charged tRNA

steps in aminoacyl - tRNA synthetase

Ribosomes

the site of protien synthesis in a cell

-initiation

-elongation

-termination-release

3 steps in protein synthesis

Initiation in protein synthesis

Shine - Dalgarno sequence

50S subunit binds

Once the initiation complex has formed the...

A-site

P-site

E-site

3 tRNA binding sites in ribosome

A-site

acceptor site where new AA-tRNA first attaches

P-site

peptide site where the growing peptide is held

E-site

Exit site where empty tRNA is pushed to after translocation

P-site

at initiation fMET tRNA is bound by the ribosome at the what?

A-site

second AA-tRNA is bound at the what?

A-site ( Elongation factors and GTP are required)

peptide bond forms and growing peptide is transferred to the what?

P-site

In elongation the tRNA holding the peptide is moved from the A-site to the what?

E-site

in elongation the empty tRNA is pushed into the what?

a stop codon in the mRNA is reached

when does termination occur?

-No AA-tRNA

-release factors are required

For termination -

30S and 50S subunits

Ribosome dissociates into what during termination ?

function

proteins must fold properly in order to ...

spontaneous

folding may be what as the protein is translated

molecular chaperones

some proteins require what for folding?

Chaperones

do not become part of the protein, they only assist in the folding process

chaperones

require ATP

cytoplasm

most proteins produced in a microorganism perform their functions in the what?`

signal sequences

Secreted proteins have what?

encoded in DNA

SecYEG secretion system - signal sequence in an aa sequence at the beginning of the protein is what?

signal that protein is to be exported

signal sequences do what?

About this deck

By: Alix Wells
Created: 2012-03-13
Size: 65 flashcards
Views: 21

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis