Test #3
Anatomy 1030 with Crossland at Tulane University
About this deck
By: Lucy Swan
Created: 2010-10-20
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 9
Created: 2010-10-20
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 9
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dialect
how languages differ between speakers of the same language
a language type that is characterized by a particular regional or social group
a language type that is characterized by a particular regional or social group
internal variaiton
a language has different ways to say the same thing
bidialectal
fluent in two dialects
crossing
when a person switches into a dialect that is not his own
idialect
the individual dialect spoken by a person
slang
style choices or vocab used to display membership in a particular group
common slang
what we use in informal everyday speech
in-group slang
used with a particular group and at a given time to show membership in that group at the exclusion of non-members
jargon
technical language, such as used in a particular profession or hobby
how are dialects formed?
Geography
Social differences (economic ecology, social class, communities of practice)
Settlement patterns (founder effect, migration, contact)
Social differences (economic ecology, social class, communities of practice)
Settlement patterns (founder effect, migration, contact)
lexical differences
Borrowing (pizza)
Coinage (creating new words)
Compounding
Acronyms
Blending (smog)
Clipping (gas)
Conversion (change part of speech)
Economy (kleenex)
Back formation (burgle to burglar)
Folk stymology
Recutting (workaholic)
Coinage (creating new words)
Compounding
Acronyms
Blending (smog)
Clipping (gas)
Conversion (change part of speech)
Economy (kleenex)
Back formation (burgle to burglar)
Folk stymology
Recutting (workaholic)
Semantical differences
Broadening
Narrowing
Semantic shift
Narrowing
Semantic shift
polysemy
words with multiple related meanings ("the house is at the foot of the mountains" v. "one of his shoes felt too tight for his foot)
Phonological differences
mergers
vowel shifts
monopthongization
vowel shifts
monopthongization
Morphological differences
walking to walkin
syntactic differences
special auxiliaries
special auxiliaries
complete "done"
habitual "be"
double modals
transitivity
habitual "be"
double modals
transitivity
pragmatic differences
directness v politeness
literalness
turn taking spacing
back channeling
literalness
turn taking spacing
back channeling
dialect change from within
making an effort to change
dialect change from outside
takes place due to borrowing
dialect change from above
a conscious change in a language
dialect change from below
an unconscious change in a language
common dialect changes
Rule extension
Analogy
Transparency (multiple negation)
Grammaticalization (morphological reduction)
Mergers (cot/caught, pin/pen)
pronunciation issues
Perception based changes
Chain shifts (pull/push shifts)
Semantic changes (shift of meanings)
Coinage
Analogy
Transparency (multiple negation)
Grammaticalization (morphological reduction)
Mergers (cot/caught, pin/pen)
pronunciation issues
Perception based changes
Chain shifts (pull/push shifts)
Semantic changes (shift of meanings)
Coinage
paradigm leveling
having the same rule apply to every word
morphological reduction
going to--gonna
pull shift
a shift has created a gap and languages compensate to fill the gap
push shift
one change conditions more changes afterwards
hierarchial model
major metropolitan areas are start of dialect shift
contra-hierarchial model
dialect traits of rural towns move to metropolitan areas
isogloss
lines in a dialect map separating feature use
drawn between towns
drawn between towns
heterogloss
lines drawn on a dialect map separating feature use
drawn through towns
drawn through towns
criss-cross isogloss
features isoglosses intersect making it difficult to distinguish dialects
bundle isogloss
multiple isoglosses running together
transition isogloss
when isoglosses disappear
relic area isogloss
where there are holdouts of older usages that complicate isoglosses
overt prestige
"standard dialect"
attached to a particular variety by the community at large and that defines how people should speak in order to gain status in the wider community
attached to a particular variety by the community at large and that defines how people should speak in order to gain status in the wider community
covert prestige
defines how people should speak in order to be considered members of a particular community
About this deck
By: Lucy Swan
Created: 2010-10-20
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 9
Created: 2010-10-20
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 9
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy