Test 4: Trace Minerals and Water

Home And Family 100 with Oakey at Brigham Young University-Idaho

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By: Jeff Lloyd
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 45 flashcards
Views: 2

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Essential Trace Minerals

Iodide

Iron

Zinc

Selenium

Fluoride

Chromium

Copper

Manganese

Molybdenum

Non-Essential Trace Minerals (Essential for some animals)

Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium

Food sources of Zinc

Seafood

Meats

Greens

Whole grains

Functions of Zinc

Required for nearly 200 enzymes

Growth

Immunity

Alcohol Metabolism

Sexual development

Reproduction

Antioxidant protection

Symptoms of Zinc deficiency

Skin rash

Diarrhea

Decreased appetite and sense of taste

Poor growth and development

Symptoms of Zinc Toxicity

Reduced copper absorption

Diarrhea

Cramps

Depressed Immune Function

UL for Zinc

40 milligrams

Food sources for Iodide

Iodized salt

White bread

Saltwater fish

Dairy products

Function of Iodide

Component of thyroid hormones

Symptoms for Iodide deficiency

Goiter

Mental Retardation

poor growth in infancy when mother is iodide deficient during pregnancy

Symptoms for Iodide Toxicity

Inhibition of thyroid gland function

UL for Iodide

1.1 milligrams

Food sources for Selenium

Meats

Eggs

Fish

Seafood

Whole Grains

Functions of Selenium

Part of an antioxidant system

Symptoms of Selenium deficiency

Muscle pain

Weakness

Form of heart disease

Symptoms of Selenium toxicity

Nausea

Vomiting

Hair loss

Weakness

Liver disease

UL for Selenium

400 micrograms

Food sources for Chromium

Egg yolks

Whole grains

Pork

Nuts

Mushrooms

Beer

Function of Chromium

Enhances insulin action

Symptoms of Chromium deficiency

High blood glucose after eating

Symptoms of Chromium toxicity

Caused by industrial contamination, not dietary excesses (no upper limit)

Sources for Fluoride

Fluoridated water

Toothpaste

Tea

Seaweed

Dental Treatments

Function of Fluoride

Increases resistance of tooth enamel to dental caries

Symptoms of Fluoride deficiency

increased risk of dental caries

Symptoms of Fluoride toxicity

Stomach upset

mottling (staining) of teeth during development

bone pain

UL for Fluoride

10 milligrams for adults

Describe differences in absorption between heme and nonheme iron

Heme iron is absorbed better

Heme iron sources

Animal flesh (red meat)

Non-heme iron sources

Plants (legumes, grains, some green veggies, some nuts)

Animals

Factors that can increase non-heme iron absorption

Vitamin C

If body is deficient

Pregnancy (when need is greater)

Factors that can decrease non-heme iron absorption

Tannins

High fiber and phytates

High calcium supplements

High oxalate foods

Problems with iron poisoning in children

can cause liver damage and death

Define and describe hemochromatosis

Genetic disease that causes increased iron absorption.

Heart and liver damage if intake high-can be fatal.

Iron Deficiency

Fatigue, weakness

Decreased attention span, may decrease learning ability

Feeling cold

May experience pica

Iron Anemia

Anemia refers to depletion of iron stores resulting in low blood hemoglobin

Describe factors that increase water requirements

Physical activity

Hot climate

Prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, fever

High protein diets

High fiber diets

DRI for fluids for males and females

Men = 13 cups

Women = 9 cups

about 80 % of day's need for water. remaining water need is met from consumed foods

Be able to calculate fluid and sodium losses from sweat

1 lb of weight loss = 16 oz fluid. Oz/34 = grams of sodium

grams of sodium/0.4 = grams of salt

Symptoms of dehydration at 0-2% weight loss

thirst, loss of appetite

4% weight loss

weakness, lagging pace, apathy, nausea, emotional instability

6% weight loss

tingling in arms, hands, feet, stumbling, headache, heat exhaustion

8% weight loss

increasing mental weakness, labored breathing, dizziness, confusin

20% weight loss

death

Pica

Craving of non-food items

Cretinism

The stunting of body growth and poor mental development in the offspring that results from inadequate maternal intake of iodide during pregnancy.

About this deck

By: Jeff Lloyd
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 45 flashcards
Views: 2

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj