test 4
Biology 101 with Karpouf at University of Louisville
About this deck
By: Sarah Hollander
Created: 2008-12-01
Size: 241 flashcards
Views: 32
Created: 2008-12-01
Size: 241 flashcards
Views: 32
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Meiosis is used to produce cells that develop into....
gametes
the total amount of chromosome material produced in both mitosis and meiosis is
equal
meiosis in males occurs in the
testes
yolk platlets found in the egg function as a source of
food
sperm cells contain how many chromosomes
23
the 2 hormones that are very important in male development are
testosterone and dehydrotestorne
the _____ ducts grow into the male sexual structures, while the ______ ducts grow into the female sexual strucctures....
Wolffian and Mullenan
chromosome number after mitosis
diploid
sexual maturity begins at
puberty
the meiotic process in the ovary remporarily stops due to
pregnancy
chromosome number after meiosis
haploid
cessation of reproductive lide in females
menopause
required for cellulaar response to extra cellular substances
receptor sites
time of first menstrual flow
menarche
how many indv. chromsosomes are there?
46
how many pairs of chromosomes are there?
23
23 chromsosomes are known as
hapliod
46 chromsosmes are known as
diploid
diploid does what to cells
divide
mitosis produces how many cells and what kind are they?
two cells and they are diploid
meiosis produces how many cells and are what kind of cells?
4 cells and are hapliod
meiosis in a male and female....what are the similarities and differences?
Timmin in life cycles,
timing of each process
the products
and the
responibility of each process
timing of each process
the products
and the
responibility of each process
Primary spermatocyte creates how many spermatides? and t/f are the genetically the same?
4, False
Primaryocyte produces ....
1 egg and 3 polar bodies
the process of sex determeination.....
chrosmomal sex
gonadal sex
hormonal sex
morphological sex
gonadal sex
hormonal sex
morphological sex
how is sex dteremined?
biological at fertilization
XX
female
XY
male
a female contains...
no DHT
Wolfian atrohpy
Mullarian Ducts from uterus
fallopian tubes
Inner part of the Vagina
Wolfian atrohpy
Mullarian Ducts from uterus
fallopian tubes
Inner part of the Vagina
a male contains....
testosterone
DHT
seminal vesicals form from Wolfian duckts
penis shaft and scrotum
DHT
seminal vesicals form from Wolfian duckts
penis shaft and scrotum
production of ___ hormone is ___ enough...
recognition of _____ by "_____" is also essential
recognition of _____ by "_____" is also essential
sex, not, hormone, target cells
reptile determine sex by
the temp and other genetics
Sperm are mixed with seminal fluid to produce
semen
a structure common to both excretory and reproduction systems in the
urethra
sperm are produced in the ______ of the testes
seminiferous tubule
a surgical procedure to insure male strelity is called
vasectomy
the proper temp. required for sperm fromation is insured by the
scrotum
the testes are connected to the vas deferens by the...
epidymmus
the vas defernes loops around the _____ after it enters the body
bladder
the ducts that form the internal male sexual anatomy are he
wolfian
the length of the urethra in males is ____ than that in females
longer
the cell that undergoes meiosis in the testes is the
primary spermatocyte
produces testosterone
interstital cells
removed during circumcision
foreskin
urethra and vas deferns join here
prostate gland
store sperm
epididymus
control temp of testes
scrotum
homologous structure to the ovary
testes
cut during vasectomy
vas deferns
contain spongy tisuue
penis
stores sperm in non mamlian annimals
seminal vessicle
produces most of mucus of semen
prostate gland
inguinal canal
permits the testes to pass into the scrotum
Inguinal hernia
reopening one or both inguinal canals
optimal temp for sperm aperation
100-95
male systems
produces gonads and sperm
testosterone
maturity controls
in the sperm what is filled w. the mitochondria
midpiece
Produced by the prostate gland and sminal vessles....
seminal fluid
contents of seminal fluid
water
fructose
amino acids
mucus
salts
enzymes
vitamins
prostaglandin
fructose
amino acids
mucus
salts
enzymes
vitamins
prostaglandin
contents of semen
smeinal fluid+sperm
Sexual response Cycle
Excitment phase
ecretion
Plateau
Orgasmic
Biphasic, single plateau
resolution-refactory period
ecretion
Plateau
Orgasmic
Biphasic, single plateau
resolution-refactory period
refactory period is
radpi return to non-arousal
what happens during the plateau phase?
thickening of the scrotum
erection of nipples
heavy breathing
lifting of testes
series of involuntary muscle contractions
erection of nipples
heavy breathing
lifting of testes
series of involuntary muscle contractions
sterility means
inability to father a child
what causes sterilty
low sperm count
high % of sperm abnorality
impotence
disease
elective surgery(vasectomy)
high % of sperm abnorality
impotence
disease
elective surgery(vasectomy)
the scrotum is homologous to the
outer labis
the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is controlled by the hormone
LH
you are planning to get pregnant what days are most likely days the egg may be present?
13,14,15
the hormones influencing the follilcular phase of the menstrual cycle are ___ and ____
FSH and estrogen
The LH surge is associated with
ovulation
Pregnancy can be detected within a few weeks of conception by testing the urine for the precesence of
HGC
the widening og the rear of the vagina during sexual response cycle is called the
tenting
Implanation of the embryo normanlly occurs in the
uterus
Fertilization occurs in the
fallopian tubes
the clitoris is homologous to
penis
produces both estrogen and progesterone
corpus luteum
opening just above the vagina
ureathra
small structure containg erectile tissue
clitoris
scrotal homology
outer labia
production inhibited by elevated levels of progesterone
LH
its cells are examined during a Pap ttest
cervix
carries eggs to uterus
fallopian tubes
half million present at birth
follicles
stimulates ovulation of the egg cell
LH
important in sperm formation
FSH
the ovaries contain ____ which contain primary ____ as well as cells taht will produce _____
follicles, oocytes and estrogen
what happens in puberty?
breast development
vocal chord
female behavior
suppresion of facial hair
vocal chord
female behavior
suppresion of facial hair
the vagina has what kind of structure?
collapsed structure
female sexual response cycle
excitment
plateau phase
Orgasmic phase
resolution phase
plateau phase
Orgasmic phase
resolution phase
what happens during the excitment of a womens sexual response cycle?
vaginal lubrication
during the plateau phase of a womens sexual response cycle what happens?
inner labis will increase in size
enlarged uterus
outer 3rd forms orgasmic platform
enlarged uterus
outer 3rd forms orgasmic platform
during the orgasmic phase of a w's sexual cycle what happens?
blood pressure changes, vagina contracts
multiple organsisms
multiple organsisms
estrus-non human
what are the female system function?
what are the female system function?
periods of sexual receptivity sandwhiched between periods of sexual indifference
no loss of uterine lining
no loss of uterine lining
menstrual cycle-human
no receptivity/indifference periodicity
uterine lining shed at the conclusion of each cycle
28 day cycle
uterine lining shed at the conclusion of each cycle
28 day cycle
the 28 day cycle is broken down into phases what are they?
Flow Phase
Follicular Phase
Ovulation
Luteal Phase
Follicular Phase
Ovulation
Luteal Phase
how long is the Flow phase?
3-4 days
how long is the follicular phase?
9 days
Ovulation
1 day
luteal phase
14 days
during the follicular phase what happens
the theca cells are triggered by LH to create and androgen...
granulosa...what happens?
FSH-used to create an estrogen
what does a pregnancy test test for?
HCG
fertilization after 5 days has what...
blastocyst attachment
fertilization after 6 days
implation of blast
fertilization after 25 days
you have an embryo
what does a embryo contain?
fore brain
future eyelyns
pharagenical arches
developing heart
post tail
future eyelyns
pharagenical arches
developing heart
post tail
3 months of fertilization what develops?
umbillical chord
what is signalled by the 24th day of the cycle to cease function?
corpus luteum
implantion of the egg occurs by day
21
the first embryonic membrane, the ____ begins to secrete HCG
chorion
HCG stands for
Human Chrionic Gonadotropic hormone
Presence of HCG prevents ______ of the ______.
functional breakdown, corpus luteum
mid-luteal phase what happens?
neg. feed back
corpus luteum
corpus luteum
late luteal phase what happens?
corpus luteum
new fallacall
new fallacall
components of female sexual behavior
attractivity
proceptivity
receptivity
proceptivity
receptivity
spontaneous ovulators
hormone control
induced ovulators
ovulation dep. on mating
Amenorrhea
`to lack menstural cycle
casues amnorrhea
pregnancy
menopause
strenous exercise
anorexia
menopause
strenous exercise
anorexia
the estrogen in birth control pills functions to inhibit
FSH production
A first trimester abortion uses a procedure called
D&C or vaccum curettage
the most effective method of contraception
the pill
A new surgical device used in tubal ligations is called
laparascope
A vasectomy recquires that both ____ to be cut
vas deferens
the only available BC for males is
condoms
"salting-out" is used during what kind of abortion?
2nd trimester
Another term for coitus interrupts is
withdraw
A birth conrtol method that predicts the day of ovulation is called
rythym
diaphragms are used w a ____ to improve their effectiveness
spermicidal jelly
depends in part on abstinence to be effective
rhythm
prevents sperm from getting into the cervix
condom
foam
diaphragm
vasectomy
foam
diaphragm
vasectomy
requires a measured dose each time
foam
role of estrogen in the pill
inhibits FSH
hromone used to induce abortions
prostaglandin
cannot be inseterd until the first day of flow
IUD
termination of pregnacy
abortion
prevents ovulation during a cycle
the pill
the most commonly used birth control method on the world wide basis is
abortion
a tubal ligqation in males
vasectomy
contraception
methods which normally prevent the fertilization of the egg
abortion
termination of an exsisting pregnancy
a spontaneous abortion is...
non-induced, occur prior to week twelve
may be due to a large variet of chromosomal or other genetic problems
may be due to a large variet of chromosomal or other genetic problems
Induced abortion is...
medical- mental/physical stress birth defect or ectopic pregnancy...
choice- woman choosese not to be pregnant
choice- woman choosese not to be pregnant
during 2nd trimester what do they use for an abortion?
high salt solution which dissolve the fetus
natural was of BC
abstince
rythym method
coitus interruptus-pulling out
cervical mucus
cycle beads
ECP
rythym method
coitus interruptus-pulling out
cervical mucus
cycle beads
ECP
barrier way of BC
sponge
cervical cap
diaphram
male condoms
female condoms
cervical cap
diaphram
male condoms
female condoms
drug way of BC
pill
patch
nuva ring
RU486
Depo Provera
patch
nuva ring
RU486
Depo Provera
Surgical ways of BC
Tubal Ligation-cut of fallopian tubes
Vasectomy-cutting of vas defenes
Essure-blocks fallopian tubes
Vasectomy-cutting of vas defenes
Essure-blocks fallopian tubes
When gonorrhea organisims get into the bloodstream, the can attack the joints of the knees and hips to cause
arthritis
the causeative agent of genital herpes is
HSV2
the microorganisims of STI's usually enter the body through
warm moist membranes
STIS are transmitted primarliy through
sexual contact
Silver nitrate solution is used in new born infant to prevent
eye infection and blindness
The cells most readliy attacked by the AIDS virus are the
T4 Helpers
The natural reservoir for most STI;s in trhe animal kingdom is
humans
An excellend device to prevent transmission of STI's is
condom
2 diseases very often associated with AIDS are ____ and ____
PCP Kaposis sacroma
In males a very early sign of gonorrhea is
pain upon urination
A stress induced reappearance of genital herpes is called a
reoccurance
tertiary syphilis may attack the brain and cause
insanity
develps at the primary site of syphillis infection
chancre
Gonorrhea may cause steriliry because of ____ in the vas defernes or epididymus
scar tissue
Syphilis and gonorrhea microorganiusims are easily killed by useing
anitbiotics
T4 cell suppresion
AIDS virus
Open ulcers formed in tertiary syphilis are termed
gummas
a leading cause for an increae in tubal pregnancies
chlamydia
Infantile blindness may be cause by
gonorrhea
chlamydia
herpes 1
syphillis
chlamydia
herpes 1
syphillis
an opportunistic disease
Kaposi's sacroma
what is the most prevalent of all STD's in teens and 20's age group
chlamydia
how many cases a year is chlamydia?
10,000,000
Herpes type 1 causes
sores in the mouth and face
Herpes type 2 causes
sores in genital region
10% of cold sores are cause by
Type 2 herpes
Is herpes 2 currable? T/F why if false?
false, its treatable but not currable....with drugs such as Zovirax
Syphillis is cuased by what kind of bacterium...
a spiral bacterium
Primary Lesion of syphylis has...
chacre
secondary phase of syphillis
is a body rash
latent syphillis is...
no outward signs of the disease
tertiary syphilis is...
many years later, multiple degenerative effects on the body
Gonorrhea is caused by what kind of bacterium
round bacterium
what are the characterisctics of Gonorrhea in males?
20% may initially be asymptomatic
Pus filled urehtral discharde, burning sensation during urnation.
Pus filled urehtral discharde, burning sensation during urnation.
what are the characteristics of Gonorrhrea in females?
80% of intial infections are asymptomatic
can casue PID
can casue PID
Origin of AIDS
Africa
If the estrogen or proetterone-estrogen levels are maintained artificially high throughout a cycle
conception will be prevented
ICSH stimulates the interstital cells of the testes to
secrete testosterone
The developing endometrium is directly under the influence of hormones from the
ovary
genital herpes is a very troublesome STI because
its incurable
happens any time
highly contagious
happens any time
highly contagious
once the follicle releases the egg cell its remnant transforms into the corpus luteum due to the action of
LH
iCoitus interruptus is probably the oldest form of
Birth contorl
Coitus interruptus means
pulling out
IUDS prevent pregancy by
causeing a mild inflammation of the uterine lining that results in an unsucceeful implation of the embryo
In human male, several hundred million sperm are produced by spermatogenesis occuring in the
seminiferous tubules
The male and femal sex organs begin to diferentiate in the ____ of development
fourth month
Testosterone
promotes the normal development and maintenance of sexual behavior
is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics
and development of male genitalia
is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics
and development of male genitalia
Sperm cells are produced in the
seminiferous tubules
what cell is not produced as a result of meiosis?
primary spermatocytes
ovulation is triggered by h
high levels of LH
FSH and LH are secreted by the
pituitary gland
will a female producce more gametes than her male partener?
no
In most-non human mammals a predictably recurring time when the female becomes sexually receptive to the male is called
estrus
The cervix is part of the
uterus
the surface of the ____ is covered with ciliated finger like projections that produce a sweeping action and upon which the egg lies after ovulation....
oviduct
fertilixation occurs in the
oviduct
mensturation begins in response to
falling levels of estrogen
falling levels of progesterone
falling levels of progesterone
Destruction of the corpus luteum, if the pregnancy does not occur results from the action of
progesterone
menstrual flow results in the discharge of
the endometrial lining
the presecnce of ___ in a womans urine that she is pregnant.
HCG
Implation of the devleoping embryo normaly occcurs in the
uterus
the least successful method of birth control is
withdrawl
the biological sex of an embryo is determined by
the sperm
the IUD prevents....
implantaion
the importance of a sperm is to provide
a second set of chromosomes
A structure in the urinary tract that also functions during reproduction in human males is the
urethra
sperms develop within an enviroment that the temp is
lower than the body temp
counteractive drops are placed in the eyes of newborns b.c
it destorys microorganisim that might have entered the eyes during birth
the expression of genetically determined sex depends upon
hormones
sperm are sotred in the _____ which are the coiled tubes above the testes
epididymus
In males secondary sexual characteristics are produced and maintained by
testosterone
sperm travel to the urethra via
vas deferens
the decsent of the testes into the scrotum aids in the prevention og
sterility
the corpus luteum produces
estrogen and pprogesterone
when ,female-non human, mate only during their fertile period is known as
estrus
the "ripening" of an egg cell withing the follicle is under the influence of
FSH
the cervix is...
occupies the upper portion of the vagina
is the lower portion of the uterus
has cells that may be examined by the pap smear
is the lower portion of the uterus
has cells that may be examined by the pap smear
what structure secretes progesterone?
corpus luteum
the hormone that 1st comes into play after the onset of menses
FSH
if the embryo is implanted in any other place than the uterus its designated as being a
misscarriage
the embryo implants itself on the...
uterine wall
14th day of the menstural cycle there is a power shift of hormones...what to what
estrogen to LH
the LH surge is reposible for
ovulation
mesntural flow is the break down of...
endometrium
the follicular phase termnantes the onset of
ovulation
flushing out the vagina with a acidfied solution right after intercourse is called
douche
the most common US BC is?
the pill
the presence of an STI should always be confirmed wth a
lab test
if syphillis chacre disappears by its self the patient needs
treatment
the best way a women can prevent conception is the
pill
BC pills prevent the action of what hormones?
FSH LH
spontaneuos abortion a.k.a
miscarriage
the first sign of primary syphillis is...
an open sore
About this deck
By: Sarah Hollander
Created: 2008-12-01
Size: 241 flashcards
Views: 32
Created: 2008-12-01
Size: 241 flashcards
Views: 32
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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