test 4
Food Science And Human Nutrition 111 with Sprowl at Western Kentucky University
About this deck
By: Amanda Williams
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 26
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 26
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What is water balance?
the state whereby an equal amount of water is lost and replenished daily in the body
What is insensible water loss?
The water that is lost from the body daily through routine respiration and evaporation off the skin
What is hyponatremia and what causes it?
swelling of the brain brought on by too low a level of sodium in the blood, caused by overconsumption of fluids
Why is spinach considered a poor source of calcium?
because of its poor absorbtion bc of the oxalates
Name the major minerals
sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfer
Where does the majority of sodium come from in the American diet?
processed foods mark 77 percent of sodium in diets
What is the DASH diet/study?
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension: followed 3 diets. typical american diet, one high in fruits and veggies, and balanced diet lower in fat
Food sources of potassium
bananas, fruits, veggies, dairy foods, nuts, legumes
Hyperkalemia
too much potassium can cause it
What is calcium?
calcium is the most abundant mineral. helps build strong bones.
What is hydroxyanatite?
the result of calcium bonding with phosphorus, provides strength and structure to bones and teeth.
Calcium and kidney stones
calcium may reduce risk of kidney stones
Calcium supplements that may contain lead
unrefined oyster shell, bone meal, dolomite
What is phosphorus?
phosphorus is in your bones
What does the DASH diet do?
which has been clinically proven to lower blood pressure, rich in magnesium as well as calcium and porassium
What is chloride?
is a form of chlorine, a powerful disinfectant, a part of hydrochloric acid, a strong acid in your stomach that enhances protein digestion and kills harmful bacteria.
What are the two major electrolytes outside cells and in blood?
sodium and chloride
functions of sulfur
helps shape some amino acids, are preseratives
peak bone mass and age range when it occurs
the genetically determined maximum amount of bone mass an individual can build up, typically occurs when a person is in his or her 20s
Risk factors for osteoporosis
being female, caucasion and asian women, over age 30, small boned or petite, family history, medications,
Smoking and osteoporosis
smoking increases risks
functions of iron--hemoglobin and myoglobin
approximately 2/3s of the iron in your body is in hemoglobin, carries oxygen and protein in your red blood cells. myoglobin - transport oxygen
Heme and non-heme iron
heme is easily absorbed by your body. nonheme- grains and veggies are the main source
What can enhance non-heme iron absorption? What compounds in foods inhibit iron absorption?
eating food that hih in vtamin c along with iron rich foods -- dont eat
too much or too little iron
too much--constipation , nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
too little--anemia occurs when your stores are so depleted that your hemoglobin levels decrease. cause fatigue and weakness
How was fluoride in drinking water affected dental caries in the US?
reduced dental cavities
Functions of chromium
helps insulin in your body, plays important and storage of carb, fats, and protein in your body
too much or too little iodine; what is goiter?
too much; which is an enlarged thyroid gland
the chemical category of alcohol
ethanol
which types of alcohol are made by distillation
liquors, such as rum schotch and whiskey
define moderate alcohol consumption
considered to be up to one standard drink for women, two for men.
12ou beer, 1.5ou shot, 5ou wine
factors for alcohol absorbtion
women are more susceptible to the effects of alcohol, food in the stomach
The Metabolism of Alcohol. Where is most alcohol metabolized?
your liver.
why women are mosre susceptible to the effects of alcohol than men?
have about 20 to 30 percent less alcohol dehydrogenase in their stomach than men, so more alcohol will enter the nlood immediatley through womens stomachs. women have less muscle mass thus less body water than men.
Where and how is alcohol metabloized? What about the rate of metabolism?
stomach - alcohol dehydrogenase-enzyme 20%
liver - converts alcohol to acetaldehyde - carbon dioxide and water
metabolize one drink per 1.5 to 2 hours
what can happen with a blood alcohol concentrationof .41 and greater
DEATH
Alcohol and sleep
disrupts sleep
Acetaminophen and alcohol
null
How does alcohol cause hangover pymptoms
causes dehydrationincreased acid production in the stomcah and secretions from the pancreas and intestines can cuase stomach pain, nausea, and vomiting
remedy fo hangovers
time
What affect can alcohol have on reproductive hormones and sexual function.
glucose hormones fail, increase estrogen levels, may increase the risk of breast cancer, sexual dysfunction
extra calories from alcoholic beverages
7 calories per gram, mixers add extra calories
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
null
Gastritis
inflammation of the stomcah, caused by heavy drinking over a long period of time
Name the 3 stages of alcohol liver disease and describe each stage
1.fatty liver-result of weekend of partying, can be overturned
2.alcohol hepatitis-liver becomes irritated by various byproducts of alcohol, due to chronic inflammation
3.disease in which liver celss die, causing severe scarring
Alcohol in pregnancy
fetal alcohol syndrome, physical, mental, and behavioral abnormalties;
Define binge drinking. What are the associated health problems? is it a normal part of the college experience?
consumption of 5+ drinks for men, 4+drinks for wome, in a very short time. umplanned sex activity, hypertension, heart attack, sexually transmitted disease, suicide, homicide, and child abuse. blackouts
Drinking and driving--what is the legal limit for BAC in the US?
.08,
definition of alcohol poisening
when the BAC rises to such an extreme level that a person s central nervous system is affected and his or her breating and heart rate are interrupted
Underage drinking
#1 cause of death behind the wheel, higher risk of alcoholism
What are the 4 classic symptoms of alcoholism? is there a cure for alcoholism?
crave alcohol, developed a higher tolerance for it, cant control or limit his intake once he starts drinking, developed a dependency on alcohol and has withdrawals
Are there health benefits to drinking alcohol
not wise, more negative consequesncees than good
yes, few gallstones, few kidney stones, improved cognitive function
What two body measurements are used to calcuate BMI?
weight in relationship to height
=(weight(lbs) * 703) / height squared (inches squared)
What are the BMI ranges that are considered "healthy", "overweight", and "obese"?
healthy-18.5-24.9
overweight - 25-29.9
obese- over 30
Descrie the 5 ways to measure percentage of body fat
Bioelectrical impedance, skinfold thickness measurement, underwater weighing, air displacement using a bodpod, dual-energy xray absorptiometry
What are the 3 components of your energy needs? which is easiest to change?
Your BMR will increase your energy needs, the thermic effect of food affects your energy needs, physical activity will increase you energy needs
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Which factors affect BMR? Which on affects BMR the most?
age, gender, body size, genes, ethnicity, emotional, and physical stress, thyroid hormone, nutrtional state, and environmental temperature, caffeine and nicotine intake
What is leptin and how does it affect hunger
null
What is one of the biggest culprits in the obesity epidemic?
gene-environment interaction - cheap food and environment
what are some environment issues that are contributing to the obesity epidemic?
work more, cook less
according to research, how does portion size affect food and calories eaten?
more food, more eat
even though different weight loss diets have different percentages of carbs, protein, and fat, what do they all have in common?
they all reduced calories
Natural weight loss substances--What is the truth about guar gum, bitter orange, and chitosan?
ineffective,
after gastric bypass surgery, what two changes decrease a persons appetite?
eat less, lower hunger
what is liposuction, what are the health benefits as a result of the surgery?
null
what is lanugo?
very fine, soft hair on the face and arms of people with anorexia nervosa
what are the health consequences with bulimia?
tears in esophagus, swollen parotid glands, tooth decay and um disease, broken lood vessels, dehydration, constipation
What are the six benefits of physical fitness?
reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, improved boy comp, reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, imporved bone health, improved immune system, imporved sleep
how can you increase muscle strength and muscle endurance?
weight training
what is the most common way to imporve flexibility?
stretching
What are the guidelines for physical activity for moderate health benefits and for maintaining your body weight
Frequency, intensity, time, and type. at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous-intesnity activity on most days of the week.
Which two nutrients contribute most of the energy needs for activity?
carbs and fat
what happens to excess glucose after muscles and liver have stored all the glycogen possible?
stored as body fat
What are the main nutrients needed to promote muscle growth and recovery?
protein,
Do you need to stay in the "fat-burning zone" to be able to lose weight?
no, need to burn more calories than gain
what types of foods should be avoided before exercise?
high fatty foods
Are vitamin and mineral supplements important for improve athletic performance?
no, not unless you have a deficit
Why should you be concerned if you are not sweating when you should be?
means you are dehydrated, heat stroke
if you lose weight during exercise, what is the main reason for the weight that is lost?
water weight
what are some reasons for drinking sports drinks? why should sports drinks be avoided as a regular daily beverage?
for hydration, electrolytes. high in calories
what is the androgenic efect from taking anabolic steroids? what are the symptoms? what are the severe health consequences that can happen from abuse?
for body builders, leads to hormone imbalance, shrink testicles, decrease sperm production, impotence, painful urination, acne, hair growth, mood swings, agressiveness, liver and kidney tumors, liver cancer, high blood pressure, trembling, bad LDL
how can erythropoietin and blood doping be dangerous? what can happen in the brain or heart if blood becomes too thick?
moves slow, can clog capillaries, if occurs in brain can cause stroke, blood clot in heart can cause heart attack, death in sleep
What is the main energy source in most sports bars and shakes?
mianly carbs, with fat and proteins
About this deck
By: Amanda Williams
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 26
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 26
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy