Test No. 3
Religious Studies 100 with Kefeli at Arizona State University - Tempe
About this deck
By: Braxton Hynes
Textbook: Experiencing the World's Religions
Ways of Being Religious (Arizona State University)
Created: 2011-11-02
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 35
Textbook: Experiencing the World's Religions
Ways of Being Religious (Arizona State University)Created: 2011-11-02
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 35
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Analects
- Lun Yu
- sayings and conversations of Confucius
- compiled after his death
The Great Learning
- Da Xue
- first text read by school boys about education of future junzis
The Five Classics
The classical literature of the time preceding Confucius, including poetry, history, and divination.
Book of Changes (Yijing) [Book of Divination]
Five Basic Relationships
- parent and child
- husband and wife
- elder and younger brother
- friend and friend
- ruler and subject
junzi
"Noble person," the refined human ideal of Confucianism.
ren
- benevolence
- will to seek good for others
- sympathy/empathy
shu
reciprocity
li
- propriety
- good form
- the right thing to do at the right time
hsiao
filial piety
cheng ming
the rectification of names (calling someone by their correct title)
Master Meng (Mencius)
- 4th-3rd c. BCE
- humans are good by nature
- natural goodness must be cultivated
- emphasized family obligations
- rulers must provide for all citizens
- right to revolt against unjust ruler
temples of culture
- wen miao
- established in each province
- included images of Confucius
- sacrifices to Confucius
Dao
The mysterious origin of the universe, which is present and visible in everything.
Tao Te Ching
The classic scripture of Daoism
Laozi
The legendary founder of Daoism.
6th c. BCE
Legalists
The strictest of the Chinese philosophical schools, which advocated strong laws and punishments.
Mohists
A Chinese school of philosophy that taught universal love.
ch'i
The life force.
- the one
- primordial energy
- the breath of life
wen
Cultural refinement; a Confucian virtue
wu wei
"No action," "no strain"; doing only what comes spontaneously and naturally; effortlessness.
yang
The active aspect of reality that expresses itself in speech, light, and heat.
I Ching
An ancient Confucian book of divination, one of the Five Classics, still in use today.
yin
The receptive aspect of the universe that expresses itself in silence, darkness, coolness, and rest.
Chuang Tzu
Author of the Zhuangzi, a book of whimsical stories that express themes of early Daoist thought.
Who is Lao Tzu?
Lord of Humanity
The goal of Confucian teaching is
a stable and justly ruled society
Is training in De necessary in Confucian philosophy?
yes
What is the main goal of Confucianism? To become
a junzi
Filial Piety is
hsiao
Shang Dynasty
first identifiable Chinese state
Chou Dynasty
period of major political and social chaos. States fought with one another
Daoism emergence
during Chou dynast, 3rd c. BCE
Where is Daoism practiced?
Taiwan, Hong Kong, Chinese communities of Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, San Fransisco
Taiji Diagram
yin/yang symbol
Purpose of Daoist practice
- learn how to control chi
- ally oneself to yang
- but also cultivate yin
T'ai - chi
- developed in 18c. CE as a training for martial arts
- helps to channel chi to body organs and revitalize them
- practiced by Chinese at dawn and dusk for their health
Shang Ti
Shang dynasty
- ruler of the Universe
- NOT a creator god
- supreme ancestor of the Chinese + ancestor of ruling Shang family
- guarantor of moral order
- king - chief priest and diviner
T'ien Ming
- Mandate of Heaven
- Chou Dynasty
- more impersonal designation for concept of heavenly power
- special relationship based on merit, not birth
Until 1906, the Emperor was known as the Son of Heaven
What does wu-wei mean in government?
non interference
Zhuang Zi
4th c. BCE
- = Laozi
- nature is above culture
- the individual is above society
- focused mainly on individual path to liberation
- total detachment from society and civilization
- life is a delusion?
Way of the Celestial Masters
- founder: Zhang Daoling (healer)
- group still exists today in Taiwan
- secret society + strict hierarchy
- goal: attain longevity through faith healing, meditative trance, and alchemy
- accepted minorities and women in the ranks of parish leadership
the Yellow Turbans
- the Way of Great Peace
- founder: Zhang Jue
- 2nd c. CE conquered the whole of the Yellow River in eastern China
- Yin and yang were no longer in balance in heaven and on earth
- a new "Yellow Heaven" mandate was to replace the Han dynasty mandate
The Celestial Worthies
the Three Purities
- emanations of the Dao
1) Lord of Heaven
2) Lord of Earth
3) Lord of Humanity
The Three Officials
(Officials of Heaven, Earth, and Water)
- ancient deities
- keep records of human deeds on earth
- control each person's life span and fate after death
- stern
- when Daoist falls sick, priest would submit petitions to the Three Officials
The Eight Immortals
Zhang Guolao is one of them
Shen
the god of the stove (Daoism)
Where did Confucianism dominate the philosophy of education?
East Asia
How do Daoists and Confucians differ from one another?
Daoists
- emphasized nature
- harmony of indiv. w/ Dao
-if humans let Dao happen, virtue will come
Confucians
-emphasized better relationships
-social harmony
-humans make Dao great by seeking virtue
Kung fu-tzu
(Confucius)
6th c. BCE (Warring State Period_
- poor aristocrat
- at age 50, served as official in Lu
- his policies were rejected
- he resigned
- became a wandering teacher
- did not question tradition
- emphasized moral virtue
Confucian scholars and their role during the Han Dynasty
- people started thinking of Confucius as a god
- emperor sacrificed at Confucius' grave
- nat'l shrine
- temples of culture
- birhtday of Confucius = holiday
- 5 Classics=core curriculum
- civil service exam for officials
Confucianism in Korea
Yi Dynasty adopted Confucianism
Confucianism in Japan
- enters in 7th c.
- becomes especially important in Tokugawa period (17th-19th cc.)
Confucianism in China
- 1905 the Ch'ing rulers abolished the civil service exam in favor of Western education
- 1949 communist gov't outlawed sacrifices to Confucius
- 1980 Confuciust revival
+his ancestral house rebuilt
+ Confucian classics studied
Amaterasu
"Shining in heaven"; goddess of the sun
bushido
"Warrior knight way"; military devotion to a ruler, demanding loyalty, duty, and self-sacrifice; an ideal promoted by State Shinto
gagaku
The stately ceremonial music of Shinto
Ise
Location in southeastern Honshu of a major shrine to Amaterasu
Izanagi
"Male who invited"; primordial male parent god
Izanami
"Female who invited"; primordial female parent god
jinja
A Shinto shrine
kami
A spirit, god, or goddess of Shinto
kamidana
A shelf or home altar for the veneration of kami
kamikaze
"Spirit wind"; suicide fighter pilots of World War II
Kojiki
The earliest chronicle of Japanese history
misogi
A ritual of purification that involves standing under a waterfall.
Nihongi
The second chronicle of Japanese history.
Noh
Dramas performed in mask and costume, associated with Shinto.
Omoto
A New Religion, which stresses art and beauty.
samurai
Feudal soldier
shimenawa
Twisted rope, marking a sacred spot
Tenrikyo
A New Religion devoted to human betterment
torii
A gatelike structure that marks a Shinto sacred place
Shinto
"way of the spirits"
Important Shinto Dates
- 6th c. CE: Shinto and Buddhism adjusted to one another
- 19th c.: in response to Western challenge, the Emperor Meiji reinterpreted Shinto
- after 1945: the emperor Hirohito denied his divinity
Jimmu Tenno
- first human emperor (Shinto)
- Amaterasu's great-grandson
- ancestor of all imperial houses
- human w/ Kami nature
- able to communicate with sun goddess
Shinto Worship
communion with Kami
Relationship between Shinto and Buddhism
- they are compatible
- Buddhism provided for life after death
- Kami identified with bodhisattvas
Motoori Norinaga
(Shinto)
- leading scholar
- Shinto surpassed all encompassed all religions
- Buddha and Confucius are kami
- Japan is superior to other countries
Meiji reforms
goal: modernization, westernization
- ended samurai era
- ended state patronage to Buddhism
- restored power to emperor
- created constitution and legislature
- opened Japan to foreign trade
- made State Shinto
- emphasized ancestor veneration
Mt. Fuji
pilgrimmage place
sought health and well being
Tenrikyo
(Teaching of the Heavenly Reason)
-formed by a peasant woman Miki
- Kami of Divine reason appeared to her
- she healed her sons and others
kami-dana
spirit shelf
What is Shinto Worldview?
What does it mean to be human?
Japanese are potentially kami
by acting heroically, they can become kami
individual is never isolated
About this deck
By: Braxton Hynes
Textbook: Experiencing the World's Religions
Ways of Being Religious (Arizona State University)
Created: 2011-11-02
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 35
Textbook: Experiencing the World's Religions
Ways of Being Religious (Arizona State University)Created: 2011-11-02
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 35
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj