Test One
History 1322 with Dr.issacs at University of Mary Hardin-Baylor
About this deck
By: Morgan Boudreaux
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 217 flashcards
Views: 53
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 217 flashcards
Views: 53
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Age of Discovery
Age of Exploration
setting the stage
the outbreak of the black death
famine and skin diseases
Nobility
people of the age of exploration
nice clothing, better roof over their head, more to eat, have sugar, can't read
Clergy
people of the age of exploration
some can read, clothing is simple, life is short
Peasants
people of the age of exploration
life is nasty, mean and short, underwear is washed sometimes, clothes are never washed, smoked covered body odor
nobility, clergy, peasants
the three kinds of people in the age of exploration
middle ages or "dark ages"
400 - 1400
black death
in the 1300's about 30% of europe died on a boat during the age of exploration
muslim
religion in the age of exploration
invented algebra, pharmacy and architecture
mohammed
this person died in 632 and was a muslim
Cipango
a place where there were people with a different appearance and a different alphabet
Visigoths
bad dudes
medieval cities built walls to protect from these
Shweinfurt
the rise of banking is because this guy sold goods and made a lot of money
and he wanted to make sure nothing bad happened to him so he got insurance
Renaissance
"The rebirth of learning"
renaissance
art
literature
music
learning
Johann Gutenburg
1440, used a printing press to make maps
during the renaissancethere were over 100 printers in Europe by 1500
portolani
used to hydrographic chart for sailing
astrolabe, quadrant, sextant, compass
tools that help you find your place on the globe
hourglass
used to tell time
north star (polaris)
used to figure out where you are in the northern hemisphere
norse explorations
500 years before columbus
bjarni herjulfson 986
thorfinn karlsefni 1000
lief ericson 1001
didn't find $
there isn't a worse place
vinland
vines
found in the norse explorations
markland
flat
found in the norse explorations
helluland
rocky
found in the norse explorations
skraelings
the people they found in the norse explorations
mean, short, stocky
adam of breman
the history of hamburg, 1076
mentioned vinland
"tyrker"
described in "adam of breman" as the guy that got so lost in all the vines that they almost left him
peat
moss with oil in it
portugal
$$$
greatest sea-barring people in the worldprince henry the navigator
first exploration
dinis dias
rounded cape verde in 1445
during the portugal exploration
bartolomeo dias
rounded the tip of south africa in 1488
during the portugal exploration
vasco de gama
sailed into india in 1497
returned with cargo worth 600 times the cost of a 2 year voyage
during the portugal exploration
Joao 2
the portugese king that refused cristoforo colombo, in 1485, funding request for voyage to cipango
spain
ferdinand and isabella, one king, one queen, one country, one religion
second exploration
luis de santangel
treasurer of aragon
bookkeeper
the queen's treasurer
cristofor colombo
born in 1451 in Genoa
died in 1506
debated with sam morrison and gianni granzotto
avid reader
miscalculated the circumference of the earth, he said 19,000...it's really 24,900 miles
god gold and glory
the three reasons that cristoforo colombo sailed
dona maria perestrello y moniz
christopher columbus' wife
died in 1488
they had one son together (diego)
beatriz de harana
cc's girlfriend
they had one son (hernando) - born in 1488
who cc gave the annuity for seeing land first to
cc
admiral of the ocean sea
capitulations of santa fe
1/10 of what was found by cc went to him
9/10 of it went to the crown
it cost 2 million maravedis total for the trip
cc contributed 500,000 by getting italian investors and friends
2,000 a month went to ship's captain
1,000 a month went to sailors
santa clara
one of the vessels in cc exploration
owned by juan nino
sailor - vencente pinzon
pinzons
skilled sailors
pinta
one of the vessels in cc exploration
gomez rason and cristobal quintero
sailor - martin alonzo pinzon
the rudder broke (probably on purpose because he didn't want to make the trip) they had to stop in canary islands to repair it
la gallego
santa maria
flagship in cc's exploration
sailor - columbus
august 3, 1492
the departure of the cc exploration
in palos, spain
October 12, 1492
the arrival of the cc exploration
at san salvador (watlings island)
silk doublet (jacket) and 10,000 annuity per year from the crown
the reward you got if you saw land first
1 league
3 miles
sailed "at speed" for 700 of these, then slowed at night in the cc exploration
rodrigo de triana
credited for seeing land first in cc's exploration
at 2am on october 12, 1492
juan bermejo
who cc gave the silk jacket to for seeing land first
columbian exchange
columbus' exploration and the others to follow, the things they brought with them
(horses, cows) - to america
(potatoes, maize, tomatoes) - to england
colba
the island that they ended up on (cuba)
they saw a lot of jewelry there
diego colon
the only taino out of 6 that survived the cc trip
polymorphic
trees that had more than 1 kind of leaf
on the first trip
when did columbus lose the santa maria?
pinzon treachery
one of the pinzon brothers used a storm to get off course so he could get back to spain and tell of the good news, but cc got back first
papal line of demarcation
100 leagues west of cape verde
everything on the right of this was portuguese
and everything on the left was spanish
treaty of tordesillas
the distance between africa and brazil isn't very far, so the portugese wanted the papal line of demarcation to be moved west
because of this, it was then placed at 370 leagues west of cape verde in 1494
"new spain"
everytime columbus gets somewhere he plants a flag and says this is...
england
king henry 7 - rejected cc's inquiries
john cabot - died during the 2nd attempt
eastern us coastline, carolinas,
the third exploration
"new england"
john cabot always planted flags that said this is...
france
verranzano 1524 - nova scotia
from nova scotia down to new orleans
fourth exploration
forrest runners
french traders
they were at outposts, where two rivers met and became one
hernando de soto
florida, tampa bay 1539
french exploration
jacque cartier
1530s
st. lawrence seaway
french exploration
sam de champlain
st lawrence seaway, 1603 - 30 years
quebec 1608, huron river, ottowa river
french exploration
marquette and joliet
headwaters of miss river 1673
french exploration
robert cavalier sieur de la salle
all of miss river to louisianna 1669
french exploration
dutch
henry hudson, 1609
hudson's bay, hudson river
fifth exploration
atl atl
a spear thrower
solid wood with holes you put your fingers in
found in siberia, colorado and tip of south america
hernando cortes
central american native americans captured in 1521 by this guy
mayas and aztecs
central american tribe
sophisticated calendar
smelted copper
astronomy
math
quipus strings
how the mayas and aztecs calculated
an abacus made of string
gonzalo quezada
conquered chibcha in columbia
inca
native tribe in peru that is so far removed that nobody can find them
francisco pizarro 1530
war, work, decimation and disease
why did the population go from 50 million in 1492 to
4 million in 1650?
decimation
worked to death
encomendero
labor system that spain used
priviledged few
selected by conquistadors to oversee the land and natives
societal system of wealth to massive poor
hacienda
spain later used this land system
juan de onate expedition
in 1598 attempted pacification and christianization in the spanish southwest
(N.M., TX, Calif.)
Santa Fe
who had the first permanent seat of governemtn in north america?
acoma pueblo skirmish
onate demanded supplies
13 spaniards killed
800 natives killed by onate
500 enslaved
80 amputations
men 25 yrs and up - their left foot was removed
boys 12 to 25 - enslaved for 20 yrs
pueblo revolt
massive rebellion led by pope
august 11, 1680
15 year fight
iroquois, algonquin, muskhogean, siouan
the four major linguistic groups of eastern us
iroquois confederacy
sophisticated form of government
5000 years prior to columbus
onondaga, cayuga, tuscarora, oneida, seneca
algonquin
the enemy of the iroquois
muskhogean
cherokee, choctaw, chickasaw, creek, seminole
john cabot
2 voyages in english exploration of the new world
1497
sir humphrey gilbert
1569 bad dude
military governor of ireland
discourse to passage to cathay
research paper written by sir humphrey gilbert
sir francis drake
spice islands voyage
4000% profit
knighted by queen elizabeth 1
circumnavigated the globe 1577 - 1588
boat - Golden Hind
queen elizabeth 1
1558 - 1603
needed her to die because she had barely any success in the colonies
good queen bess
sir walter raleigh
half brother of sir humphrey gilbert
plans for settlement of carolina coast in 1584
sir richard grenville
captain of 7 ships to the coast of the carolinas in 1585
lost roanoke colony
croatoan cro found this, but nothing else
maybe they were being attacked by croatoan indians
or they were attacked and went to stay with the croaton indians
the queen isn't happy that sir walter raleigh came back with bad news
virginia dare
1583 - 1590
first registered birth of an anglo north american
english motives for colonization of the new world
population, land use - they thought they were over populated
woolen markets, production - want to go somewhere north to sell
metals, golds, silver, copper - want to get to this first
political rivals, spain, dutch, french
sir richard hakluyt
1583
a mercantilist
wrote the "discourse concerning western planting" for queen bess
mercantilist
all about money
buy for small amounts and sell for large amounts
what queen bess and richard hakluyt would do in the new colony to make more $
raw materials
market for finished products
full employment (everyone is put to work...no crime)
favorable trade (you sell more than you buy)
growing industry (set up factories)
dividend
gets extra money
joint stock corporation
$$$
by 1550 more than 15 dividends in england muscovy 1555 (east indian)
levant 1592 (middle east)
african 1588 (salve business)
the virginia company
divine right
james 1 lived by this
god put him there and his decisions were made by god
James 1
head of the anglican church
lived by divine right
london company
first colony of london
december 20, 1606 - christopher newport (sailor)
plymouth company
second colony of plymouth
only lasted about a year
kennebee river
susan constant, discovery, godspeed
christopher newport's 3 boats
john rolfe
smuggled some tobacco seeds from trinidad and planted them and called it orinoco
the starving time
1609 - 1614
human canabalism
christopher newport
105 settlers on his ships (men and boys) they all wanted $
gentlemanly types - interested in eating, sleeping and $
about 40 of them died on the way over
sailed up and down chesapeake bay from april 26, 1607 to may 14, 1607 looking for a navigable river
found the james river
the sealed orders for christopher newport
go 100 miles in
don't get "overburthened with woods" - don't get in the middle of a forest
find a navigable river
Jamestown
1607
reasons for success of jamestown
tobacco
private property
Dale's law
sex
house of burgesses
1619 - suspended Dale's laws
organized government
governor & 6 councillors (1st they set min price of tobacco)
three readings before the passage of any law
1st law passed - no injury to the indians
laws against idleness, gambling, drunkeness, swearing
jamestown
where was slavery first?
zong massacre
1781
took slaves and dumped them overboard and drowned them
mid passage
3 weeks to 3 months
blacks were being transported to be put in slavery
1 in 7 died in route - up to 50% death rate
because of disease, insanity, suicide
matriarchal
where the mom is head of the family instead of the dad
IBO tribe
very religious tribe
no swearing
wedding bed was sacred
John blassingame
interesting studies on the IBO tribe
john hope franklin
wrote "from slavery to freedom" - a quantitive book
herbert gultman
wrote "the black family from slavery to freedom"
Plymouth
1620
religious freedom was the reasoning behind this colony
name changed in Massachusetts Bay in 1630
separatists
nonconformists
speedwell
a 60 ton boat
took on water and sank, so they put everything on the mayflower
mayflower
180 ton boat
september 16, 1620 to november 21, 1620 (arrived at plymouth rock) - 65 days voyage
bible bay commonwealth
used bible traditions to make decisions
Laudian persecution
trying to get people to conform to the church of england
sower sedition - branded them on the cheek with an SS
sliced off chunks of their ears
sliced their noses open
Thomas lyford
"set up a meeting apart on the lord's day"
so he was banished for not conforming
Thomas Morton
"the lord of misrule"
he was banished
Sir Christopher gardiner
"comedy young woman"
later two wives made inquiries into gardiner's life
banished
no less than 14
how many people were banished from mass. bay by 1635?
roger williams
1631
puritan theologian
went to cambridge
the son of a tailor/merchant
favored repeal of all compulsory church attendance laws
repeal of compulsory contribution rules
repeal of religious qualifications for voting
"soul liberty"
religious errors punished with weapons
roger williams
attacked puritan oligarchs
banished to england
purchased land in spring of 1636 (providence)
roger williams
rhode island sewer
rogue's island
new england dumping ground
anne marbury hutchinson
first liberated woman
antinomian thinker
she had a problem with genesis bc she thought the woman played a larger role than a companion
had 13 children
smart mouth
dominated the prayer meetings
antinomianism
reduces the authority of puritan male leadership
not bound by civil law but by god's direction
anne marbury hutchinson
in march 1638
she and all but one of her children were slaughtered in an indian attack
john winthrop
massachusetts bay governor
was providential
providential
it is in god's plan
sabbath
sundown saturday to sundown sunday
no working allowed on this day
sabbath break
if you worked on the sabbath
meeting house for sabbath
a sightly location - usually on a hill
north/south orientation
communal raising - everyone built it
no artificial lighting
bellcony
where the bell was in the meeting house
call to meeting
a drum, horn, shell, or a flag used to alert everyone
tending the flag - paid 10 shillings a year
drum - paid 14 shillings a year
at 9:00am
decent order
the way families walked into meeting
dad. mom, oldest to youngest kids
seating the meeting
determined by the seating committee
rotational membership
movable benches
forseat
the bench at the front of the meeting place
whittle sticks
something to do while listening in meeting
tithingman
in charge of 10 families
the church cop
if anyone missed church they paid 5 shillings for each offense
blue laws
no profanity on the lord's day, of they will be fined or imprisoned
no traveling, cooking, cleaning, hair cutting, or shaving on sabbath
no woman can kiss her children on sabbath
length of meeting
9am to noon
it's ungodly to preach a short sermon
pastors showed their godliness with endurance
long extemporaneous prayer
a not memorized prayer
said from the heart
puritan minister
explained the doctrine, reasons for it and uses for it
preached to the condemned - then the condemned preached back
gave sermons on any day possible
preached against vanity
"opening a text"
the puritan minister would say this when he was ready to start
false parsons......unsavory salt
a minister who wasn't really a good minister
salem, massachusetts
where witchcraft took place
marion starkey - "the devil in mass"
stephen nissenbaum - "salem possessed"
the woeful decade
witchcraft
march 1684 to october 1692
rev. samuel parris
had a servant, tituba indian, that was accused of witchcraft
by his daughter, betty parris (9 yrs old), and niece, Abagail Williams (12 yrs old), and a friend, Anniew Putham
tituba indian
rev samuel parris' servant
mentally retarded to some degree
she told storied about witchcraft to all the little girls and got punished
excrescence
blemishes
where the devil entered your body in witchcraft
4 elements of convictions
magistrates assuming guilt
accused struggling to respond to questions
afflicted demonstrating torment
audience involvement or commentary
abagail faulkner
found guilty in a witchcraft trial
was pregnant, but she wasn't executed because of that.
about 20
how many people were executed in the woeful decade for witchcraft?
Giles Cory
a person being tried for witchcraft
stood mute
only said "not guilty"
died in 2 days
pressing more weight
they put weight on people's bodies from the feet up trying to "press" the truth out
rev george burroughs
recited the lord's prayer on gallows
but they said that only the devil could allow him to say that, so he was executed
phipps
signed release of people accused for witchcraft while the governor was absent
october 29, 1692 - 150 people being held in mass jails were released
several had already died
the 1st great awakening
1725 - 1750
time of religious revival
all started bc of rev. timothy cutler who said "let us all say amen"
reached EVERYONE!
rev. timothy cutler
preacher at yale
"let us all say amen" - fired because of this
started the 1st great awakening
rev. jonathan edwards
preacher during GA
1734
New england
"faithful narrative" - a book of his sermons
greatest preacher
preached to your emotion
rev. samuel davies
virgina
preacher during GA
rev. george whitefield
1738 preacher during GA
believed slavery was how to make money
preached so hard that the bell rope fell off
had a powerful voice
in 75 days, preached 175 sermons in 800 miles
emotionalism
preaching to the heart rather than to reason
john wesley
read while walking to oxford - read "faithful narrative"
him and his brother charles started the colony Georgia
wrote songs for methodist hymnals
disagreed with whitefield about slavery - they had souls
results of the great awakening
1 - brought people to christ
2 - education. ivy league schools (princeton, dartmouth, brown, rutgers)
3 - music (psalm singing)
4 - socialization (people started speaking up)
principal mainland colonies
virginia, new netherlands, plymouth, new hampshire, massachusetts, maryland, connecticut, rhode island, new sweden, carolinas, new jersey, pennsylvania, georgia
virginia
$$$
1607
tobacco, english, john smith
new netherlands
$$$
1613
fur trade, grain, dutch
peter stuyvesant, patroon (16 miles of land on hudson river)
1664 english took the land and changed it to New York
Plymouth
+++
1620
grain, fishing, english
1631 absorbed by mass bay
new hampshire
$$$
1623
fishing, wood, food stuff, english
john mason
massachusetts
+++
1628 - 1630
grain, wood, english
john wintrhop
maryland
+++
1634
grows tobacco! english
lord baltimore
started out as catholic - ended up with all kinds of people
connecticut
+++
1635
grain, english
thomas hooker - set up a bunch of towns in the connecticut river valley
separation of church and state
rhode island
+++
1636
grain, english
roger williams "sewer"
separation of church and state
new sweden
$$$+++
1638
grain, english
west penn, delaware
carolinas
$$$
1663
wood, tobacco - north - anthony ashley cooper
rice, indigo - south - anthony ashley cooper
proprietary colony then became a royal colony because they couldn't get people to pay rent
pennsylvania
+++
1681
grain
william penn (the king owed him a lot of money but couldn't pay it so he gave him land) - penn's woods
george fox (teaching of quakers)
georgia
$$$+++
1732
rice, wood
james oglethorpe
john wesley
wanted small family farms - didn't happen
wanted silk industry to take off - didn't happen
said no alcohol and no slavery - but couldn't stop that
population
in 1700 - 520,000 total
in 1776 - 2,500,000 total
doubled every 25 years
birthrates
average marriage age was 20
younger than england
deathrates
lower due to ruralism and firewood availability
ruralism
lived further away from people
better sort
port city
trade
finance
transportation
large land owners
owns a business
middling sort
small farmers
small business
lawyer
doctors
meaner sort
mechanic
makes his living with his hands
badge of social rank
clothes
clothes were made for only some people in colonial america
linsey-woolsey
plain, durable and dirty fabric for clothes
by their clothes
how do you tell what class of people were
indentured servant
a common person that wanted to come to the colonies because they had no money
they worked for someone for 5 to 7 years and then got paid freedom dues
freedom dues
could be animals such as pigs or cows
or could just be money
what an indentured servant got when his time as a servant was done
german
reasons these people came to the colonies:
needed land, there was warfare in their country, family structure and taxation
family farms from new york to the carolinas
scots-irish
living in the woods in the colonies - bc their country was cold, wet and rocky
james 1st
"cutting edge of frontier society"
ulster
northern province in Ireland
where james 1st wanted the scottish presbyterians to move because the people in this place were catholics and then converted to protestant
Huguenots
french puritans
living in the city of the colonies
artisans (glass, silver)
carved ivory teeth (dentures)
involuntary immigrants
slaves that didn't even want to be in the colonies, they were just dropped off
in 1675 - 5,000
in 1860 - 4 million
northern colonies
from canada to the hudson river (NY)
middle colonies
from the hudson river to the potomac river (washington dc)
southern colonies
from washington dc and on down
education in the northern colonies
puritan influence
taught "how to think"
Boston Public Latin School 1635 - taught classics, latin, french, art, lit, rhet, recitation
compulsory education laws
dame schools
apprentice system
new england primer
compulsory education laws
1642/1647
if you don't get your kids in school you will be fined
dame schools
if you're family is wealthy they get a french student to live with you and teach your children
apprentice system
if you can't put your kids in school because of money, your kid can go live with someone else and they can teach them to be a tailor
new england primer
used to teach kids how to read using:
rhyme, moral and visual
education in the middle colonies
taught "how to do"
quaker influence - practicalism
dutch influence - utilitarianism
new amsterdam 1638
taught surveying, planting, constructioning
education of southern colonies
old field schools
rudimentary
About this deck
By: Morgan Boudreaux
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 217 flashcards
Views: 53
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 217 flashcards
Views: 53
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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