The Chemical Senses

Psychology 355 with Helmstetter at University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee

About this deck

By: Eric Gingras
Textbook:

Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
Created: 2010-04-10
Size: 34 flashcards
Views: 25

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basic vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway

semicircular canals, vestibular nucleus, cranial nerve nuclei, extraocular muscles

bitter substances

K+ and Mg2+ ions, quinine, caffeine

sour

low pH (hydrogen ions)

salt taste

sodium ion

umami

taste of amino acids, such as in peanut butter and steak

papillae located on sides of tongue near the back

foliate papillae

large papillae located in the back of the tongue

vallate papillae

papillae that are located all over the tongue

fungiform papillae

portion of taste cells closest to surface of tongue, the chemically sensitive end

apical end

opening where the taste cell is exposed to the surface of the tongue

taste pore

connection from taste pore to taste cell

microvilli

voltage shift after chemical activation of a taste receptor cell

receptor potential

method of taste transduction for saltiness

Na+ enters cell at amiloride-sensitive sodium channel, causes Na+ and Ca2+ voltage-gated channels to open, cell depolarizes and releases appropriate neurotransmitters

method of taste transduction for sourness

H+ enters amiloride-sensitive sodium channel, blocks K+ channel, cell depolarizes

method of taste transduction for bitter, sweet, and umami

g-protein coupled receptor activated (taste specific), activates phospholipase C, increases production of messenger inositol triphosphate (IP3), Na+ and Ca2+ enter cell and cell depolarizes

sweet receptors

T1R2, T1R3

bitter receptor

T2R

umami receptors

T1R1, T1R3

the loss of taste perception

ageusia

point where taste axons bundle and synapse

gustatory nucleus

central taste pathway

gustatory nucleus, ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus (VPM), primary gustatory cortex

receives messages about rewarding foods

hypothalamus

a thin sheet of bone through which small clusters of axons penetrate, coursing to the olfactory bulb

cribriform plate

inability to smell

anosmia

number of smells we can distinguish

10000

two different thresholds of smell

to detect a smell is present, to discriminate one smell from another

releaser pheromones

trigger a specifc behavior

primer pheromones

trigger a hormone response which increases the likelihood of certain types of behaviors

effects of alpha androstenol

increase sexual arousal in males, females more likely to seek male company

olfactory transduction

oderant binds to receptor, stimulates g-protein, activates adenylyl cyclase, cAMP inc, Na and Ca channels open, Cl leaves cell, cell depolarizes

organ that houses all nerves which receive olfactory input

olfactory bulb

location of olfactory cortex

frontal lobe

smell constancy

receptors are more stimulated during a deep sniff vs. shallow, but judgement of intensity does not change

olfactory transduction adaptation

decreased response despite continuous stimulus

About this deck

By: Eric Gingras
Textbook:

Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
Created: 2010-04-10
Size: 34 flashcards
Views: 25

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj