The Immune System

Biology 102 with Estep at Northen Virginia Community College

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By: Dan Lavu
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 32 flashcards
Views: 29

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Pathogens

Infectious agents that cause disease

Acquired immunity or adaptive immunity

also called adaptive immunity recognizes specific pathogens to mount an immune response

Innate immunity

constant or immediate non-specific immunity

Barrier Defenses

Chitin if you’re a bug

Skin and other epithelium

The mucus membranes of the reparatory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts

lysozyme

Wash away pathogens, and often have antimicrobial enzymes such as lysozyme

Cellular Defenses

mostly Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis

Neutrophils: most abundant phagocyte

Macrophages: Large and effective

Dendritic cells*: populate tissues interfacing with the environment – stimulate acquired immune response

Eosinophils*: secrete destructive enzymes in response to multicellular invaders

Neutrophils

most abundant phagocyte

Macrophages

Large and effective

Eosinophils

secrete destructive enzymes in response to multicellular invaders

Dendritic cells

populate tissues interfacing with the environment – stimulate acquired immune response

Leukocytes

In case I didn’t mention it, Phagocytes are Leukocytes (White blood cells)

Toll Like Receptors (TLRs)

TLRs Recognize molecular fragments common to a set of pathogens

TLR3

looks in phagosomes for double stranded RNA – viruses

TLR4

looks outside cell for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) –

TLR5

looks outside cell for flagellin – motile bacteria

TLR9

Looks in phagosomes for unmethylated CpG DNA – bacteria and viruses

Interferon

a type of signal protein (cytokine) released in response to infection

Causes the production of substances that interfere with viral replication

Promotes the apoptosis of infected cells

apoptosis

Promotes the _______ of infected cells

Complement

A specific enzymatic cascade that results in the lysis of invading bacteria

–About 30 component proteins are involved

–Components are found in blood streem

–In the classical pathway, one of the complement proteins naturally binds to a molecule found on a bacterial membrane

enzymatic cascade

•A specific __________ __________ that results in the lysis of invading bacteria

mast cells

release histamines: chemicals which change the permeability of blood vessels and call phagocytes

Lymphocytes

are white blood cells that come in two varieties

T-cells

which mature in the thymus

zombies

B-cells

which mature in the bone marrow

Antigens

B cells and T cells have receptor proteins that can bind to foreign molecules

immunoglobulins or antibodies

B cells give rise to plasma cells, which secrete proteins called ________________ or ______________

humoral immune response

involves activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted antibodies

Cell-mediated immune response

involves activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells •Helper T cells aid both responses

MHC molecules

These antigen fragments are bound to cell-surface proteins called ________- ___________

antigen presentation

In infected cells, MHC molecules bind and transport antigen fragments to the cell surface, a process called ________ __________

helper t cell

A surface protein called CD4 binds the class II MHC molecule

This binding keeps the helper T cell joined to the antigen-presenting cell while activation occurs

Activated helper T cells secrete cytokines that stimulate other lymphocytes

About this deck

By: Dan Lavu
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 32 flashcards
Views: 29

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis