The Respiratory System
Radiology 113 with Laugharn at Delgado Community College
About this deck
By: Catherine Hoang
Textbook:
Handbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Students of Medical Radiation Technology
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 251
Textbook:
Handbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Students of Medical Radiation TechnologyCreated: 2010-11-21
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 251
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nasal cavities
two chambers of the nose that warm, moisten, and filter inspired air
nasal septum
a vertical partition that separates the cavities
pharynx
or throat, lies posterior to the nasal cavities, mouth, & larynx
- nasal
- oral
- laryngeal
nasal pharynx
part of the pharynx posterior to the nasal cavities, and above and behind the soft palate
soft palate
projects posteriorly from the hard palate, forms a partial posterior wall for the mouth, closes off nasal pharynx during swallowing to prevent regurgitation of fluid or food into the nasal cavities
auditory tube
a canal between the nasal pharynx and middle ear, opens into the lateral side of the nasal pharynx
adenoids
located on the posterior wall of the nasal pharynx
oral pharynx
lies posterior to the mouth, between the soft palate above and the epiglottis below
epiglottis
flat leaflike plate of cartilage with a free upper border that projects back from teh anterior wall of the pharynx below the base of the tongue
tonsils
masses of lymphoid tissue, one on each side of the opening between the mouth and oral pharynx, the fauces
laryngeal pharynx
extends from epiglottis down to the opening into the esophagus
larynx
organ of voice or voice box, triangular boxlike structure that lies in the anterior part of the neck, surrounded by 9 cartilages
thyroid cartilage
composed of 2 flat plates of cartilage placed vertically and joined together at the midline anteriorly, the prominence in front where the 2 plates join is often visible and known as the Adam's apple
cricoid cartilage
signet-shaped ring that encircles the larynx below the thyroid cartilage
vocal folds
paired folds of the lining membrane of the larynx that extend medially from each sidewall of the larynx towards the midline
glottis
slitlike opening between the vocal folds
trachea
windpipe, hollow tube 11 cm or about 4.5 in. in length extending from the larynx above to the bronchi below, walls are strengthened by 16 to 20 incomplete rings of cartilage-rings prevent collapse of the trachea
bronchi
hollow branched tubes continuous above with the trachea
main bronchi
one right and one left, result from the division of the trachea into right and left branches
carina
a ridge of cartilage between the openings from the trachea into right and left main bronchi
bronchioles
formed by the division of the smallest bronchi, smallest are named respiratory bronchioles and lead into the air sacs of the lungs
apex
upper bluntly pointed end, and reaches one in. above the clavicle
base
the broad lower end is concave and rests upon the upper convex surface of the diaphragm
hilum
a depression or indention on the medial surface of each lung where the structures enter or leave the lung
roots
consist of structures entering or leaving the lungs at the hila, the blood vessels, and main bronchi
costal surface
surface that lies adjacent to the ribs and cartilages
mediastinal surface
in contact with the medistinum, the middle partition between the two lungs
right lung
divided into 3 lobes
left lung
divided into 2 lobes
pulmonary segments
the structural units of the lungs, each with its segmental bronchus, segmental artery and vein; can be separated from adjacent segments and may be removed
alveolus
cup shaped microscopic structure that with many similar structures form the wall of an air sac; the wall consists of a single layer of flattened cells surrounded by capillaries; exchange of gases takes place between capillaries and cup shaped structure
alveolar sac
expanded saclike cavity opening from a small division of a respiratory bronchiole; made up of many alveoli that resemble a series of cups with edges glued together
visceral pleura
covers each lung except at its root
parietal pleura
lines the chest cavity on each side, attached about the lung root only
pleural cavity
space between the lung and chest wall, i.e between the parietal and visceral pleura
costophrenic sinus
the narrow space where the inner surface of the lower chest wall and the diaphragm are in contact
bronchial arteries
three, one right and two left, branches of the descending thoracic aorta that supply the lungs with blood as far as the respiratory bronchioles, to the bronchi and larger bronchioles **does NOT supply blood to respiratory bronchioles**
pulmonary arteries
one right and one left, two branches of the pulmonary trunk that originate from the right ventricle; two functions:
- form capillaries about the alveoli for the exchange of O and CO2
- furnish nutrients to the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs
pulmonary veins
two right and two left, drain blood from the capillaries about the alveoli, and convey it to the left atrium
inspiration
breathing in, diaphragm contracts and since its base is fixed to bony parts, the dome must move down; air pressure within the lungs is decreased below that of atmospheric pressure, thus air enters lungs to equalize pressure
expiration
breathing out; air pressure within the lungs is now greater than that of atmospheric air so air is expelled from the lungs
vital capacity
volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs by a forced expiration, following the greatest possible inspiration, 3500 to 4800 ml
tidal air
volume of air that is breathed in or out during normal quiet inspiration or expiration, 500 ml
inspiratory reserve volume
the extra volume of air that can be inspired following a normal inspiration, 1500 to 2000 ml
expiratory reserve volume
the volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a normal expiration, 1500 ml
residual volume
amount of air that remains in the lungs following a forced expiration, that cannot be expelled, 1200 to 1500 ml
About this deck
By: Catherine Hoang
Textbook: Handbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Students of Medical Radiation Technology
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 251
Textbook:
Handbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Students of Medical Radiation TechnologyCreated: 2010-11-21
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 251
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis