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- Anthropology
- Anthropology 204
- Jacobson
- Theories of Human Behavior
Theories of Human Behavior
Anthropology 204 with Jacobson at Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway
About this deck
By: Arabelle Sicardi
Created: 2012-02-28
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 23
Created: 2012-02-28
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 23
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Alfred Russell Wallace.
Wrote ‘on the tendency to depart indefinitely from the orig. type.’ Came to the same conslusions Darwin had 14 years prior. They ended up presenting a joint paper.
Five independent lines of evidence that evolution is a reality
- Geological proof
- Comparative anatomy and embryology
- Biogeography
- Population genetics
- Molecular biology
Geological proof
Earth is 4.5 billion years old. Radiometric dating of meteorite material is consistent with older known terrestrial and lunar samples.
Comparative anatomy and embrology
- Homologous structures - traits due to sharing of a common ancestor
- Analogous structures - trait that appears similar in 2 unrelated organisms. Not due to shared ancestry but to convergent evolution.
Biogeography
Life on earth not uniform. Diversity of life reflects ecological variation, adapted to environments, plate tectonics.
Madagascar
Biota found nowhere else on earth. Offers species to evolve and diversify in isolation. Adaptive radiation of prosimians.
George Mendel
revolutionary research with domestic pea plants. Demonstrated the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns.
Population Genetics
Mechanism of inheritance, genetic information passing. Mendel's work rediscovered.
The Modern Synthesis
produced between 1936 and 1947. Question of whether Mendelian genetics could be reconciled with gradual evolution by natural selection. Draws together ideas from genetics, cytology, systematics, botany, morphology, ecology, paleontology.
Molecular Biology
1953 discovery of the structure of DNA. Allows evolutionary change to be observed at a molecular level.
Principles of natural selection
- The ability of a population to expand is infinite but the ability of environ. to support it is finite.
- Organ. w/i pop. vary. Variations affect ability to survive and rep. Context determined beneficial traits.
- Variations are inherited + passed. Favorable traits produce more offspring and those traits increase in population.
Evolution
Change in gene frequency over time.
Comparative psychology
Operant conditioning. Concentrated on behavior, few species, controlled environments, neglected evolutionary perspective. See: Thorndike, Watson, Skinner.
Ethology
Study variety of animal species in natural habitats, broad evolutionary perspective. The scientific study of animal behavior. Morgans Canon. Pioneered by Lamarck.
Fixed Action Pattern
Lorenz. referred to pattern of behavior that could be triggered by some external stimulus. Form is constant, requires no learning, cannot be unlearned, released by stimulus, characteristic of species.
Biology
Entangled with political movements. Eugenics, Social Darwinism, Sir Frances Golton. Nazi Ideology of genetic purity. Study of life and living organisms. Originated with Lamarck, but Darwin created what we needed.
Theory of Human Instincts
Reject any biological basis for human behaviors. Asserted culture as major determinant in human behavior. Franz Boas: Margaret Mead.
Sociobiology
Human behavior ecology. Evolutionary Psychology. Animal’s behavior act to maximize reproductive success. Wilson, Williams, Hamilton, Trivers.
About this deck
By: Arabelle Sicardi
Created: 2012-02-28
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 23
Created: 2012-02-28
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 23
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy