therapies 5/3/2011

StudyBlue printing of therapies 5/3/2011 html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Behavioral Therapies Operant Conditioning Techniques token economies: used in mental hospitals-- residents receive tokens, or plastic chips, as positive reinforcers for performing certain desirable behaviors (e.g., self-grooming, tidying their rooms and socializing appropriately with others) Cognitive Therapies based on collaborative effort between clients and therapists-- help clients recognize and correct distorted patterns of thinking believed to underlie their emotional problems distorted or faulty ways of thinking underlie emotional problems (anxiety, depression) defeating and maladaptive behaviors relatively brief patients given homework assignments Albert Ellis-- Rational- Emotive Behavior Therapy irrational beliefs lead to emotional distress and self-defeating behaviors "shoulds" and "musts" encourages patients to replace irrational beliefs with rational alternatives A-B-C's of Emotional Distress: negative emotional reactions (e.g., anxiety and depression) are not produced directly by life experiences. They stem from the irrational beliefs that we Hold about life experiences A) negative activating experience: the breakup of a close relationship B) Irrational belief: "I can't live a happy life without this person" C) emotional consequences: feelings of sadness and despair Social Psychology social psychology is the attempt to understand and explain how thoughts, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by actual, implied and imagined presence of others Two Axioms of Social Psychology constructivism people create much of what they perceive and remember each person's view of reality is a construction, shaped both by: cognitive processes social processes a person's view of the world is at least in a part a reflection seen in the eyes of others The Power of The Situation the primary determinant of behavior is the nature of the social situation in which that behavior occurs stockholm syndrome: hostages express adulation and have positive feelings towards their captors that appear irrational in light of the danger or risk endured by the victims the presence of a perceived threat to one's physical or psychological survival and the belief that the abuser would carry out the threat the presence of a perceived small kindness from the abuser to the victim Social Perception the process by which people come to understand the categorize the behaviors of others casual attributions: judgements about the forces influencing other people's behaviors attribution theory: a general approach to describing the ways of the social perceiver uses information to generate casual explanations what caused an event, WHY? Fritz Heider (1958) internal or dispositional attributions: the case of the behavior is found in the person external or situational attributions: the cause of the behavior is found in the situation fundamental attribution error: represents the dual tendency for people to overestimate dispositional factors (blame or credit people) and to underestimate situational factors (blame or credit the environment) when searching for the cause of some behavior or outcome