Transform Faults & San Andreas Fault

Mathematics 163a with Pavel at Ohio University

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By: Jalynn Keyser
Created: 2011-03-03
Size: 66 flashcards
Views: 18

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transform fault

the boundary btwn two plates is a fracture in the crust

stress

pressure, outside influence

strain

builds up due to pressure (stress) in the rocks on either side of the fault so they slowly bend.

deform

bend in the fault from a strain

strike-slip fault

movemtn occurs sideways along horizontal trace of the fault---crust is neitehr created nor destroyed.

slip

movement along fault

strike

the horizontal trace

San Andreas Fault

transform fault in California

Wueen Charlotte Fault

transform fault off coast of British Columbia

Motagua Fault

transform fault of Guatamala

Levant Fault

transform fault (divergent bends) beneath Dead Sea

Anatolian Fualt

transform fault of Turkey

Alpine Fault

South island, new zealand transform fault

divergent bends

crust may be stretched until it breaks and collapses to creat a long narrow depression that may collect sediment of become filled iwth water

pull apart basin

long narrow depression

convergent bends

the fault curves in the otehr direction, plate motion jams the blocks of crust together creating folded mountains across the trace of the fault. (Transverse Ranges of Cali is example)

transverse ridges

folded mountains created by convergent bends

Motagua Fault

40 Mil year old that slices through guatamala and forms boundary btwn north american and caribbean plates

Levant Fualt

in Middle East and recorded at least 3000 years of recorded earthquake activity

Sodom & Gomorrah

destruction may be earthquake related

Dead Sea

lies in the Dead Sea Rift as a pull apart basin produced in a region of tension btwn two overlapping strike slip faults that seperate Arabian and African plates

left lateral (sinistral)

the far side of each fault moves to the left in a strike slip fault

Masada

fortress where 100 Jews withstod a twoyear Roman seige before choosing mass suicide to avoid capture

Dead Sea transform

forms an extension of Africas rift system

Lake Lisan

was flooded due to rise in world sea level, but dried up when the sea receded to leave the Sea of Galilee, Dead Sea, andGulf of Aqaba

salt pillars

formed from evaporation near shore up to a foot or two in height around peices of wood froms the water

potash

minded for ferilizer at a rate of one mil tons a year

bromine

amber gas, that is extraced from bromide salts

North Anatolian Fault

forms norhtern boundary of Anatolian plate

right lateral (dextral)

far side of fault moves to right

Minas Fualt

slices through center of Nova Sccotia and represents a right lateral transform fault that was active during the destruction of Iapetus Ocean and assembly of Pangaea in Paleozoic

Great Glen Fault

home to Loch Ness Monster and lies upon ancient transform fault torn asunder with opening of the Atlantic Ocean

Cabot Fault

now where the Great Fault lies

Carrizo Plain

northwest of LA where the San Andreas fault is clearly visible

Fort Tejon earthquake

half of the 70 ft offsets these tream during this in 1857

San Fransico earthquake

8.3

San Fernando earthquake

in 1971, 6.5 magnitude

focus (hypocener)

where vibrations of an earthquake begin, a locked fault suddenly lets go

Primary (p-waves)

speed at 12,000 to 19,000 mph to arrive at the surface or at seismometers

seismometeres

seismic wave detection devices

compressional waves

like sounds, alternately pusing and pulling surface structures in the direction of wave travel

Secondary (s-waves)

slower, 7000 to 10,000 mph and arrive second

Shear waves

secondary waves, oscillations in a rope and heave the grouond up and down or sideways but cannot move through water.

surface waves

produce lowfrequency vibrations that roll the ground like ocean waves or whip sideways

epicenter

point on Earths surface nearest the focus

Pinnacles National Monument

volcanic rocks southwest of Holister

fault creep

movement of 2 cm/year

Richter scale

distribution of major earthquake epicenters with epicenter diameters increasing with earthquake magnitude

logarithmic

each unit increase stands for an increase in 10 times the seismic wave measured by the seismograph

San Francisco

most susceptible to potential earthquake damage in California because it is locked btwn the locked San Andreas and Hayward Fault

Hayward Fault

moves at 1 cm/yr but is not moving as fast as the strain is building

San Andreas Lake

man made reserviors where further hazards lie

World Series earthquake

1989. movement of the 40 km long segment generated a mag 7.1 earthquake.

aftershocks

smaller tremors that follow the main movement event

seismic gap

the locked portion of a fault where the risk of damaging earthwake activity is greatest

liquifaction

occurs when violent shaking of water confined in the ground breifly turns soil to quicksand so that buildings sink or tip and are locked askew when when the shaking stops and ground sets again.

Transamerica Pyramid

rests on a stable 10ft thick block of concrete holding 480 km of steel reinforcing rods

precursors

small tremors known as foreshocks taht precede the main movement event

creepmeters

wires stretched across the fault to register any horizontal movement

seismometers

can detect even the slightest ground tremors and can reveal changes in a seismic wave velocity

Scintillation sounters

signal the amount of the radioactive gas radon released into groundwater by rocks under stress

tiltmeters

used to predict olcanic eruptions, detect changes in land slope by the rising and flaling of water levels in two containers

laser ranging instruments

measure the roundtrip travel time of a light pulse and thus the precise distance between two points indicating horiziontal movement across the fualt

ARIES

uses quasar signals from outside our galaxy as reference points to monitor ground movement

LAGEOS

measures plate movement by bouncing laser beams between Earth stations and an orbiting satellite

Strainmeters

measure expansion and contraction of crustal rock

About this deck

By: Jalynn Keyser
Created: 2011-03-03
Size: 66 flashcards
Views: 18

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj