Unit 1: Principles of Government
American Government with Moree at Maryville High School
About this deck
By: Mr.Moree Moree
Textbook:
United States Government: Democracy in Action, Student Edition
Created: 2011-01-16
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 708
Textbook:
United States Government: Democracy in Action, Student EditionCreated: 2011-01-16
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 708
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Justify the importance of John Locke in American government.
Wrote Two Treatises on Government in 1690, and believed in the Social Contract theory. Locke also believed that all people consented to government and if the government failed to protect your natural rights then the people could rebel.
Justify the historical significance of Thomas Hobbes
Hobbes believed in the Social Contract but believed no matter what the people could never go against the government
Define Sovereignty
absolute power
Preamble
A statement of goals
Define a state
o a political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority
Define a Nation.
Any sizable group of people united by common bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes religion
Divine Right Theory
Idea that the gods have chosen certain people to rule
Social Contract
People consent to government, and in return for protection of their natural rights
Four Purposes of Government
Maintain social order, provide public services, provide for the national security and common defense, and provide for and control the economic system
Unitary System
government gives all key powers to the national or central government
Federal System
divides powers between the national and state and provincial governments
Constitution
a plan that provides the rules for government
What are the major purposes of a Constitution
1.Sets out the idea that the people believe in and share
2.Establishes basic structure of government and defines governments powers and duties
3.Provides supreme law for country
Confederacy
a loose union of states that are each independent
Politics
effort to control or influence conduct and policies of government
Autocracy
any system of government in which power and authority are in hands of an individual
Totalitarian dictatorship
The ideas of a single leader are glorified and the government seeks to control social and economic life. For example: Adolf Hitler's governmetn in Germany
Monarchy
king or queen or emperor exercises supreme power and usually inherit power
Absolute monarchy
monarchs have complete and absolute sovereignty
Constitutional Monarchy
Monarchs have shared powers with elected legislator and serve as ceremonial leaders of government, i.e. Great Britain, Sweden, Japan, and the Netherlands
Oligarchy
system of government in which a small group holds power
Democracy
any system of government in which rule is by the people
Direct Democracy
people govern themselves by voting on issues individually as citizens
Indirect Democracy (representative democracy)
the people elect representatives and give them responsibility and power to make laws and conduct government
Republic
voters are the source of governments authoirty
What are the Characteristics of a Democracy
Individual Liberty, Majority rule with Minority Rights, Free Elections, Competiting Political Ideas
Capitalism
An economic system in which freedom of choice and individual incentive for workers, investors, consumers, and business enterprises is copied
What are the Five Characteristics of Capitalism
private ownership and control of property and economic resources, Free Enterprise, Competition among businesses, freedom of choice, possibility for profits
Laissez-faire
governments role is strictly limited to those few actions needed to ensure competition in market place
Free Enterprise(Market Economy)
economic decisions are made by buyers(consumers) and seller(producers)
1. Sellers own businesses that produce goods and services
2.Buyers pay for those goods and services that they believe best fits their needs
3.Question of what to produce is determine by buyers and sellers and not government
Sumarize the historical importance of Adam Smith.
Provided philosophy for new system in his book Wealth of Nations and from his writting came the idea of Laissez-faire, which means the govenrment lets the market be.
Mixed Market Economy
an economy in which free enterprise is combined with and supported by government decisions in the market place
Socialism
an economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production
Democratic socialism
Under this system, citizens have basic democratic right like freedom of speech, free elections but in economic sphere government owns key large industries and makes economic decision for everyone's benefits
Karl Marx
German philospher, writer, and reformer, who lived from 1818 to 1883. he saw first hand both early industrilization and political rebellions and concluded the capitalist system would collapse. He published his ideas in 1848 in Communist Manifesto
Proletariat
Workers were concentrated in factories and no longer owned their own tools
Bourgeoisie
Middle class owners of indusy
Capital
the means necessary to produce industrial goods, such as factories, land, water rights, or other necessary resources
Command economy
government planners decide how much to produce, what to produce and how to distribute goods and services
Define a nation-state
—when political and geographical boundaries are the same
Explain the four theories on the origin of governments
—Evolutionary Theory- belief that the state evolved from the family
—Force Theory-government emerged when people of an area were brought under the authority of one person or group
—Divine Right Theory- Idea that the gods have chosen people to rule
—Social Contract Theory-By contract people surrendered to the state the power needed to maintain order, and in turn the state agreed to protect the people
Define Federalism, unitary, and Confederacy.
Federalism: divides all powers between national and state.
Unitary: all key powers to the national of the central government.
Confederacy: loose union of independent states.
Unitary: all key powers to the national of the central government.
Confederacy: loose union of independent states.
Describe the three types of government named by Aristotle.
Aristotle who governs created Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy. Autocracy has 1 ruler. Oligarchy is a small group of people with power. Democracy is when people rule.
Name two different command economies.
socialism and communism
Explain three different types of autocracy.
—Totalitarian Dictatorship-Ideas of single leader are glorified
—-Government seeks to control social and economic life
—Absolute monarchs have complete and absolute powers
oFor example: King of Saudi Arabia
—Constitutional Monarchs have shared powers with elected legislator and serve as ceremonial leaders of government
What is the goal of a constitution?
The preamble is the goal of the constitution. THe constitution limits the powers of the government.
Describe the purposes of a constitution.
—Set out ideals that people believe in and share
—Establishes basic structure, powers, and duties of government
—Provides supreme law for country
What is a statement of goals?
preamble
Describe the four features of a state
oPopulation: agreement about basic beliefs=stability
oTerritory: Established borders
oSovereignty: supreme and absolute authority
oGovernment: the institution which maintains social order, provide public services
Contrast a direct democracy and a indirect democracy
—Indirect or Representative democracy-people elect representatives and give power
—Direct democracy-people govern themselves by voting on issues individually
what is a republic?
a form of government in which people select representatives to govern them and make laws
What is a mixed-market economy?
a combination of the features of all the types of economies.
Summarize the four purposes of a state and give an example for each purpose.
—Maintain social order
—By implementing and enforcing laws
—John Locke, Two Treatises of Government
—Provide public services
—Like building sewers, and highways, or inspecting meat and produce
—Provide national security
—Protect against attacks from other states
—To make treaties with other nations
—Provide for and control the economic system
Who was Aristotle?
Greek philosopher who created three types of government
Name four characteristics of a democracy.
Individual liberty - be as free as possible.
Majority rules with Minority Rights - Relocation Camps
Free elections: One person, One vote
Competing in Political parties
Majority rules with Minority Rights - Relocation Camps
Free elections: One person, One vote
Competing in Political parties
Describe socialism and communism as economic systems, explaining all key components and their functions.
—Socialism. Type of Economy: Command Economy-government sets goals for production
—Nationalization: Centralized decision making by governmen.t —Public Services and the Welfare State: guarantee public welfare by providing for the equal distribution of necessities and services
political and Economic philosophy
Communism
—Labor theory of Value
—Bourgeoisies
—Wealthy Owners
—Proletariat
—Workers
—Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Who was Karl Marx and why is he important?
German philospher, writer, and reformer, who lived from 1818 to 1883. He saw first hand both early industrilization and political rebellions and concluded the capitalist system would collapse. He published his ideas in 1848 in Communist Manifesto
About this deck
By: Mr.Moree Moree
Textbook: United States Government: Democracy in Action, Student Edition
Created: 2011-01-16
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 708
Textbook:
United States Government: Democracy in Action, Student EditionCreated: 2011-01-16
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 708
About StudyBlue
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Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
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“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
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