Unit 3 intro
Physiology And Developmental Biology 120 H with Kooyman at Brigham Young University
About this deck
By: Anthony Holst
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 2
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 2
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Macromolecules
Large Molecules of Polymerized subunits
-proteins or polypeptides: amino acid subunits
-Polysaccharides: sugar subunits
-Nucleic acids: nucleotide subunits
-RNA: ribonucleotides
- DNA: deoxyribonucleotides
-proteins or polypeptides: amino acid subunits
-Polysaccharides: sugar subunits
-Nucleic acids: nucleotide subunits
-RNA: ribonucleotides
- DNA: deoxyribonucleotides
Creation of Macromolecules
-condensation in sugars and amino acids
-covalent bonding in nucleotides.
-covalent bonding in nucleotides.
Sugars
glucose
fructose
sucrose
glycogen
starch
cellulose
fructose
sucrose
glycogen
starch
cellulose
Nucleotides contain
adenosine triphosphate
nucleotide
5 carbon sugar
nucleotide
5 carbon sugar
Amino Acids
building blocks of proteins (hay 20)
-amino group (NH2)
-Carboxyl group (COOH-)
-Functional side chain (R-)
-determines PH/charge, and two contain sulfur
-amino group (NH2)
-Carboxyl group (COOH-)
-Functional side chain (R-)
-determines PH/charge, and two contain sulfur
Hydrophobic Amino acids
Isoleucine, Valine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Methionine
Hydrophilic Amino Acids
Histidine, Glutamate, Asparagine, Glutamine, Aspartate, Lysine, Arginine
Dimensions of Protein Structures
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Primary Structures
peptide bonds
chains of amino acids
chains of amino acids
Secondary Structures
hydrogen bonding between peptide bonds (alpha-helix, or beta-sheets)
Tertiary Structure
assorted interactions between functional groups, causes a 3D form.
Quaternary Structure
protein-protein and protein-metal interactions
Nucleotides
Building blocks of Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
-3 components, phosphate group, Pentose(5-carbon) Sugar, ribose (2 carbon an OH) or dexoyribose (2 carbon only H).; nitrogenous bases (A,G, C, U, T)
-3 components, phosphate group, Pentose(5-carbon) Sugar, ribose (2 carbon an OH) or dexoyribose (2 carbon only H).; nitrogenous bases (A,G, C, U, T)
DNA
double-helix structure, more stable, H is less reactive than OH
Central Dogma
DNA to RNA to Protein
Griffith's Experiment
R-Strain, mouse lives
S-Strain, Mouse dies
heat killed S-Strain, mouse lives
R strain + heat killed S Strain, Mouse dies
-something was not killed in heat
S-Strain, Mouse dies
heat killed S-Strain, mouse lives
R strain + heat killed S Strain, Mouse dies
-something was not killed in heat
Avery Experiment
DNA + RNA - transformation of R-cells
DNA + proteins - transformation of R-cells
RNA + Protein - nothing happens
DNA + proteins - transformation of R-cells
RNA + Protein - nothing happens
Chase and Hershey Experiment
radioactive- 35 Sulfur for protein, 32 Phosphorous for DNA
DNA stayed in bacteria -DNA was passed on not Protein
DNA stayed in bacteria -DNA was passed on not Protein
One Gene- One Enzyme
able to distinguish what gene creates if diffective because only one gene creates enzymes.
Jacob and Manod
Messenger RNA
-DNA is located only in the Nucleus
-Ribosomes are located outside of Nucleus
-Must be something to help Protein synthesis to occur.
-DNA is located only in the Nucleus
-Ribosomes are located outside of Nucleus
-Must be something to help Protein synthesis to occur.
Transcription
written copy, what occurs between DNA and mRNA
Translation
what occurs between mRNA to Proteins
Meselson-Stahl Experiment
semi-conservative
N-15 strands,
N-15 strands,
DNA synthesis
5 carbon to 3 carbon
1: 5 carbon 2nd
2:Leading strand
3:Lagging Strand
4: Okazaki fragment
5: Helicase
6:Topoisomerase
7:Single Stranded Binding Protein (SSBP)
8: DNA Pol 1
9: DNA Pol 3
10: RNA Primer
2:Leading strand
3:Lagging Strand
4: Okazaki fragment
5: Helicase
6:Topoisomerase
7:Single Stranded Binding Protein (SSBP)
8: DNA Pol 1
9: DNA Pol 3
10: RNA Primer
RNA polymerase reads DNA in what Direction
RNA reads the template from 3' to 5'
-mRNA is transcribed 5 carbon to 3 carbon.
-mRNA is transcribed 5 carbon to 3 carbon.
Hurwitz and Furth experiments
Brute Force, trying everything to find out what works RNA polymerase is.
Initiation of Bacterial Transcription
starts at -35 and -10 (TATAAT)
Initiation Eukaryotic Transcription
Eukaryotes starts with (TATA) box at -30
RNA Pol 1
makes large rRNA transcripts
RNA Pol 2
makes mRNA
RNA Pol 3
makes tRNA and small rRNA
DNA in Eukaryotic Genes are Encoded
Introns (intervening sequences) spliced out for mRNA
Exons (expressed sequences) what remains after splicing out introns
Exons (expressed sequences) what remains after splicing out introns
Role of INtrons
processed to form enzymatic microRNAs involved in gene regulation
ORF or Open Reading Frame
portion of DNA that is getting transcribed by mRNA
Translation takes place in what compartment
takes place in P compartment
-AUG- is starting translation
-AUG- is starting translation
DNA Pol 3
proofreads and corrects point mutation
DNA Pol 1
proofreads and corrects point mutation
Thymine Dimer Formation
T connected to T in DNA formation from UV rays. bad
DNA mutations
Silent
Missense
Nonsense
Frameshift
Missense
Nonsense
Frameshift
Silent Mutation
no change in amino acid sequence
Missense
Point mutation in DNA that results in change in one amino acid
Nonsense
introduction of an early stop codon
Frameshift
addition/deletion of a nucelotide
About this deck
By: Anthony Holst
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 2
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 2
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy