unit 3
Psychology 110 with Blackburn at University of Tennessee - Knoxville
About this deck
By: marcie alexander
Created: 2011-10-24
Size: 84 flashcards
Views: 75
Created: 2011-10-24
Size: 84 flashcards
Views: 75
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attention
processing of limited amount of info from available sensory and memory information
selective attention
process by which we try to focus on one stimulus and ignore other stimuli
cocktail party phenomenon
may notice changes in "ignored converstations"
mindlessness
lack of selective attention
bad drivers
example of mindlessness
stroop effect
hard to pay attention and ignore word, especially when the name of the color is printed in a different color
typing, temperature of a room
example of external stimui
good mood, how you are feeling
example of internal stimuli
monitoring
keeping track of internal processes, personal behavior, and enviornment
not having a good day, because you havent hung out with anyone
example of monitoring
controlling
planning based on info received form monitoring
calling a friend to hang out bc you noticed you have been down from not hanging with anyone
example of controlling
conscious
thoughts, perceptions
preconscious
memories, stored knowledge, info not continuously available, but can retrieve if need it
directions, phone numbers
examples of preconscious
unconscious
disires to do something violent, unacceptable sexual desires, fears, irratoinal wishes, immoral urges
unconscious
not easily accessed, repressed memories
preservation and protection
we sleep during high risk times
restoration
sleep to restore depeleted resources, caused by chemicals in the brain
dog taking a nap after walk
example of restoration
circadian rhythms
biological cycle that lasts 24 hours, varies with age, individual and cultural factors
spanish people take a siesta in afternoon so their body adjusts
example of circadian rythms
17 hours
how much would a child 0-6 months sleep?
first stage of sleep
light sleep, eye and muscle activity slow, brain activity decrease by 50%, sleeper may experience muscle contractions
second stage of sleep
eye movement stops, muscle avitivity stops, brain wavves slow
jet lag
disturbance in circadian rythm
third stage of sleep
deep sleep starts, brain begins to produce very slow delta waves, no eye or muscle movement, difficult to wake
fourth stage of sleep
deep sleep brain produces only delta waves, no eye or muscle movement, sleeper may be disoriented if woken
REM sleep
heart and breathing up, blood pressure up, breathing shallow, dreaming takes place
25
with no cues, how many hours would our day cycle be?
3rd day
What day of the sleep deprivation study were the subjects iriitatble, tense, have mood swings, microsleep, hallucinations, distored images?
4th day
on what day of the sleep deprivation study did the subjects experience paranoia?
insomnia
difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep and going back to sleep. about 15% suffer, mainly women and elderly.
pseudo-insomnia
sleep state misperception
narcolepsy
disturbance in wakefulness, lose consciouness for 10-15 minutes periods, treatable, usually cause by genetics
sleep apnea
repeated cessation of breathing, most common in overweight men over 40, associated with alocohol consumption
sleep walking
see, walk, talk while sleeping, mild to severe, mostly common in childre
dreams
fantasy like events that seem realistic during sleep, average 4 a night, relate to everyday places, people and events
to express unconscious desires in symbols
why did freud think we dreamed?
express everyday concerns, mental housekeeping, problem solving, organization and interpretaion
why do we dream?
nightmares
anxiety arousing dreams, increase during times of stress, more common in childhood
night terrors
sudden awakening from N-REM sleep with intense fear, intense arousal of ANS, no clear dreams remembered
hypnosis
altered state of consciousness involving deep relaxation and sensitivity to suggestion
simulating paradigm
control and treatment groups, the control group was asked to pretend
control group cant simulate all actions, diff regions of brain active in hynosis vs imagination that the control group had
results of the simulating paradigm
epiphenomenon (secondary outcome of another phenomenon)
role playing in response to suggestion/demands, personal genuinely caught up in role. the problem=reconstructed memories
neodisssocitaive theory
parts of conscious mind separate
factors of who can be hypnotized
cooperations, effectiveness of procedure, what individuals asked to do, not relaed to personality, individual easily absorbed in activities
tests of hynotizability
no sense of smell add amonia
uses fo hynotism
to recall memories, to control smoking, tp treat heath problems of pain
narcotics, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens
psychoactive drugs include
narcotics
opium, heroin, morphine, codeine. originally developed to treat pain, have numbing stuporous effects and are highly addictive
withdrawl symptoms
flu-like symptoms and severe depression
maintenance
using a drug with less harmful effects
detoxification
taking them off of the drug
depressants
alcohol and sedatives
alcohol and sedatives
slow central nervous system, elevate mood, reduce anxiety, relax inhibitions
stimulants
arouse CNS, increase stamina and alertness, decrease appetite. too much can cause anxiety and irritability
hallucinogens
LSD, marijuana, MDMA, affect perceptions and induce hallucinations, can lead to dangerous actions
prototype
familiar example, visual image of category
house less likely to think of trailer or boathouse
example of prototype
spreading activation
one idea primes or activates another idea
preattentive process
tendency to notice what differs in size, shape, or color
all black ducks and one yellow duck
example of preattentive process
attentive process
searching by studying each item one at a time
wheres waldo
example of attentive process
change blindness
failure to detect changes in a scene
attention blink
time between perceiving one stiumulus and switching to another where info can be missed
becoming an expert
learn many facts about subject, born potential not enough, practice and making it challenging
andre agassi
example of expert
problem solving method
understand the problem, generate one or more hypotheses, test the hypotheses, check the results
insight problems
answer comes suddenly
algorithm
mechanical repetitive procedure for solving problem
alphabetizing
example of alogrithm
heuristics
methods that can simplify a problem, can be problematic
representative and availability
two types of heuristics
representative heuristic
if an item looks resembles members of a particular category, it's probably a member of that category
problem when something resembles a rare item
probelm with representative heuristic
availability heuristic
judging how common something is based on how easily one can recall examples
one event is more publicized
problem with availability heuristic
confirmation bias
accepting one hypothesis and looking for evidence to support it
framing effect: sunk cost effect
ticket to see movie $12, friend asks you to go to free concert feel as though you have to go to the movie, fell into sunk cost effect
nature vs. nurture
nature: we are smart because of our genes, we were born with it
nuture: what is going on in our enviornment that makes us smart
About this deck
By: marcie alexander
Created: 2011-10-24
Size: 84 flashcards
Views: 75
Created: 2011-10-24
Size: 84 flashcards
Views: 75
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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