Unit 3
Biology 101 with Desaix at University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
About this deck
By: Isabel Alcala-Williams
Textbook:
Biology: Concepts and Applications (with CD-ROM, Cover Sheet, Audio Book PAC, Essential Study Skills, and BiologyNOW?-Personal Tutor with SMARTHINKING, InfoTrac® PAC)
Created: 2010-12-16
Size: 24 flashcards
Views: 17
Textbook:
Biology: Concepts and Applications (with CD-ROM, Cover Sheet, Audio Book PAC, Essential Study Skills, and BiologyNOW?-Personal Tutor with SMARTHINKING, InfoTrac® PAC)Created: 2010-12-16
Size: 24 flashcards
Views: 17
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Transformation (how bacteria acquire DNA)
bacteria just take up DNA from their environment -Main scientist: Griffith (pneumonia experiment) -Others: Avery, McCarty and MacLeod – basically wrote the conclusion to Griffith’s experiment (said that the heat killed pathogenic pneumonia and horizontal gene transfer were responsible for the death of the mice)
Transduction (how bacteria acquire DNA)
a virus (bacteriophage) inserts DNA into the bacteria
Conjugation (how bacteria acquire DNA)
"sexual reproduction" of bacteria
donor gives DNA to recipient via a sex pilus
What does "variation is present before selection" mean?
environment doesn’t cause a change in genetic variation in organisms but rather variation in organisms is present and those individuals are best suited for a changed environment (therefore those organisms would survive and pass on their genes to their offspring).
What did Lamarck propose?
species evolve
inheritance of acquired characteristics (not entirely correct b/c of obvious reasons)
Examples of genetic variation?
mutation
meiosis
fertilization
crossing over
analogous vs homologous structures
analogous: look alike in different lineages but did not evolve in a shared ancestor
homologous: similar body parts reflect shared ancestry
Biogeography
similar organisms in different parts of the world
vestigial organs
an organ that was once useful and now has no apparent function
ex:our appendix
conditions for microevolution
opposite of conditions for hardy-weinberg
Equation(s) for Hardy-Weinberg?
1=p^2+2pq+q^2
1=p+q
Balanced Polymorphism
maintains two different alleles b/c each is favored under different conditions
Mimicry (2 kinds)
mullerian-distasteful species look alike
batesian-one tasty organism looks like a distasteful organism
Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive selection
directional-one end is selected for and the other against
stabilizing-one or both ends are selected against
disruptive-intermediate forms are selected against
What is a species?
organisms that can reproduce and produce viable offspring
Speciation
splitting of one species into two by one species changing over time to become a new species
Plant Reproduction male vs female parts
Female:stigma (sticky to catch pollen), style, ovary (ovules where meiosis takes place)
Male:Anther (where meiosis takes place), filament
Plant Fertilization
pollen lands stigma, pollen grows a tubule, delivers the sperm nucleus to the ovary
double fertilization-one nuclei fertilizes egg, other nuclei joins with two other cells in ovary to make endosperm
What is the purpose of endosperm?
nourishment
Auxins
elongation, prevent shoot branching, produces root branching, respond to gravity & light
Gibberellins
causes bolting (aka sexual maturity), lengthens stems, influences flowering, breaks dormancy
Cytokinins
cell division (growth)
made in roots, transported to shoots
Ethylene Gas
induces aging
Abscisic Acid
suspends growth and dormancy
closes stomata
stress hormone
About this deck
By: Isabel Alcala-Williams
Textbook: Biology: Concepts and Applications (with CD-ROM, Cover Sheet, Audio Book PAC, Essential Study Skills, and BiologyNOW?-Personal Tutor with SMARTHINKING, InfoTrac® PAC)
Created: 2010-12-16
Size: 24 flashcards
Views: 17
Textbook:
Biology: Concepts and Applications (with CD-ROM, Cover Sheet, Audio Book PAC, Essential Study Skills, and BiologyNOW?-Personal Tutor with SMARTHINKING, InfoTrac® PAC)Created: 2010-12-16
Size: 24 flashcards
Views: 17
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj