Unit 3:2
Philosophy 105 with Williams at Waynesburg University
About this deck
By: Christopher Sanders
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 70 flashcards
Views: 25
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 70 flashcards
Views: 25
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Yoke is easy and burden is light
When serving God, the burden is lighter than it is when serving self
Hermeneutic of History
Theory about how you should interpret the flow of historical events
Hermeneutic
Theory about how you should interpret somthing
The City of God (Book)
Written after the Sack of Rome
Argue against the Explanation of the Sack of Rome
Argue against the Explanation of the Sack of Rome
Explanation of Sack of Rome
Greek/Roman Gods became angry over the amount of Christians in Rome.
Roman Leadership turned back on the task set at hand.
Roman Leadership turned back on the task set at hand.
City of Man (theory)
Motivated by love of self
Path of destruction
Path of destruction
City of God (theory)
Motivated by love of God
Linear Hermeneutic of History
See how Christians should interpret history
Progressive History
Future will be better
Linear History
History follows a timeline
Use big events (Roman Empire, Industrial Revolution) to explain smaller events
Use big events (Roman Empire, Industrial Revolution) to explain smaller events
St. Augustine's History of the Church
Creation, Fall, Call of Israel, Disobedience, Incarnation, Resurrection, Pentecost, Church, Return of Christ
Can interpret all of history through this timeline
Contains a future event
The Master Narrative
Can interpret all of history through this timeline
Contains a future event
The Master Narrative
Middle Ages
Time between the Fall of Rome and the Reformation/Renaissance.
Radical political instability.
Radical political instability.
Latin
Common language of the educated classes
Roman Church
Tried to fill the void left by the Roman Empire
(Now the Roman Catholic Church)
(Now the Roman Catholic Church)
Christianity
Widely accepted by the Middle Ages
Dominated philosophical perspective
Dominated philosophical perspective
Philosophers in Middle Ages
Tried to provide rational explanations and reasoning to the Truth.
Knew the Truth (Christianity)
Reconcile tension between Faith and Reason
Knew the Truth (Christianity)
Reconcile tension between Faith and Reason
Fides quaerns intellectum
Faith seeking understanding
Trinity
Father, Son, Holy Spirit
3=1
Fully divine and fully human.
3=1
Fully divine and fully human.
St. Anselm of Canterbury
1033-1109
(P306-313)
Arch-Bishop of Canterbury
Described Ontological Argument of God's Existence
(P306-313)
Arch-Bishop of Canterbury
Described Ontological Argument of God's Existence
Ontos
That which is true.
Ontological Argument of God's Existence
When we think about God existing, we have to admit, in that instance, that God exists.
By describing God, we describe something that has to exist.
Argues about how our belief in God is Rational
Named by Immanuel Kaunt
By describing God, we describe something that has to exist.
Argues about how our belief in God is Rational
Named by Immanuel Kaunt
"Chain of Being"
map of reality based on how real they are
Exist in the most conceivable way.
Anselm says that there has to be something that is the greatest thing..
"That than which nothing greater can be thought"
Exist in the most conceivable way.
Anselm says that there has to be something that is the greatest thing..
"That than which nothing greater can be thought"
Contingent
Relying on something else
Everything that exists exists contingently, except "that than which nothing greater can be thought"
Everything that exists exists contingently, except "that than which nothing greater can be thought"
Necessity
What everything else on the chain of being relies on.
"That than which nothing greater can be thought" is the original necessity.
"That than which nothing greater can be thought" is the original necessity.
Transcendence
That God transcends space and time
Analogia entis
"Analogy of Being"
There is a comparison between God's existence and our existence.
There is a comparison between God's existence and our existence.
St Thomas Aquinas
1225-1274
Most important philosophical theologian during the Middle Ages
7th son of the count of Aquino.
Believed that the difference between theology and philosophy is a different of starting points.
Most important philosophical theologian during the Middle Ages
7th son of the count of Aquino.
Believed that the difference between theology and philosophy is a different of starting points.
Thomism
Philosophical school of thought that arose out of the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas.
The Count of Aquino
The whole point of bearing children is to increase your political stance in the world
Benedictine Monastery at Monte Cassino
Most important monastery.
Thomas was sent here in hope that he would become the Abbot.
Thomas was sent here in hope that he would become the Abbot.
Napals
Thomas was sent here after being at the the Monte Cassino
1244
Thomas left the Benedictine order and joined the Dominican Order
Ruined the plans his father had.
Ruined the plans his father had.
Dominican
O.P - Order of Preacher
Mendicant
Mendicant
Franciscan
O.F. Order of Friars
Mendicant
Mendicant
Mendicant Orders
Mendicant - To Beg
Beggars
Life of Chastity and Poverty
Beggars
Life of Chastity and Poverty
Albertus Magnus
Studied at the University of Paris with St. Thomas Aquinas
"Albert the Great"
Convinced that Aristotle could provide philosophical grammar to the church in hope that it would help prove some philosophical Christian worldviews.
"Albert the Great"
Convinced that Aristotle could provide philosophical grammar to the church in hope that it would help prove some philosophical Christian worldviews.
A recovery of the philosophy of Aristotle
Albertus and Thomas worked on this.
This was shocking to the people of the middle ages.
Aristotle wanted to find truth. The philosophy of the Middle Ages had found the truth, and was only trying to find evidence and support of it.
Medieval Christians relied on the works of Plato, while Medieval Islams relied on the works of Aristotle.
This was shocking to the people of the middle ages.
Aristotle wanted to find truth. The philosophy of the Middle Ages had found the truth, and was only trying to find evidence and support of it.
Medieval Christians relied on the works of Plato, while Medieval Islams relied on the works of Aristotle.
Heresy
False (therefore dangerous) theological claim.
Summa Theologica
Summation of Theology.
Medieval Colleges
4 colleges.
Law
Arts
Medicine
Theology is above all three
Law
Arts
Medicine
Theology is above all three
Theology
Queen of the Sciences
All other sciences have Telos in Theology
All other sciences have Telos in Theology
Sense Experience
Starting point of the Philosopher
Starts at the bottom, goes up
Tries to describe his/her experience of reality and existence.
Ascends and tries to engage in Ultimate Questions
Starts at the bottom, goes up
Tries to describe his/her experience of reality and existence.
Ascends and tries to engage in Ultimate Questions
Ultimate Questions
"What is the Human Good"
"What does the Human Good look like?"
Answers with this questions might be vague, and we might have to deal with it.
"What does the Human Good look like?"
Answers with this questions might be vague, and we might have to deal with it.
Prime Mover
There has to be something/someone that started motion
Revelation
Starting point of Theology.
Starts from the top, goes down
An event in which God reveals God's self to human beings.
Examples:
Moses parting the Red Sea
Becoming a human being in Jesus.
Starts from the top, goes down
An event in which God reveals God's self to human beings.
Examples:
Moses parting the Red Sea
Becoming a human being in Jesus.
5 Arguments for God's Existence
None of the arguments prove that there is a God
Not used to convince Atheists.
Just used to show rationality of God
Not used to convince Atheists.
Just used to show rationality of God
Argument 1
Motion
Motion has a cause. The cause of motion is a "mover"
There must have been some initial mover that put it all into motion
An initial unmoved mover
Motion has a cause. The cause of motion is a "mover"
There must have been some initial mover that put it all into motion
An initial unmoved mover
Argument 2
Efficient Cause
Things are brought into existence by other things.
Reality comes into being by the uncaused cause.
- By whom/What agency has this thing been made
Things are brought into existence by other things.
Reality comes into being by the uncaused cause.
Argument 3
Necessary being
Things that exist right now are contingent on things that existed previously
must have been an initial contingency.
Things that exist right now are contingent on things that existed previously
must have been an initial contingency.
4th Argument
Anselm's Ontological Argument
When we think about God existing, we have to admit, in that instance, that God exists.
By describing God, we describe something that has to exist.
Chain of Being
Argues about how our belief in God is Rational
When we think about God existing, we have to admit, in that instance, that God exists.
By describing God, we describe something that has to exist.
Chain of Being
Argues about how our belief in God is Rational
5th Argument
Design/ Intelligent Design
Reality is simply too orderly, too rational, too appropriate in its order for it to be anything other than the product of a designer.
Things in reality that do not possess intelligence, but behave in intelligent ways.
Reality is simply too orderly, too rational, too appropriate in its order for it to be anything other than the product of a designer.
Things in reality that do not possess intelligence, but behave in intelligent ways.
Problem with Arguments 1 2 3
Why did something have to start everything?
Aquinas- if not, then there would be infinite regress.
Aquinas- if not, then there would be infinite regress.
Natural Theology
Based on ways of life through how the world looks. Conclude that there must be a God.
Does not rely on scriptures.
Does not rely on scriptures.
Theory of Evolution
Randomness does produce orderliness of reality.
Simpler than the Argument for Design.
Simplest argument is best?
Simpler than the Argument for Design.
Simplest argument is best?
Univocal
Uni-one
Vocal- voice
When we speak of God, we are taking ordinary language and applying it to God, and that language has the same meaning when applied to God as it did when it applies to ordinary experiences.
Two uses mean the same thing
Vocal- voice
When we speak of God, we are taking ordinary language and applying it to God, and that language has the same meaning when applied to God as it did when it applies to ordinary experiences.
Two uses mean the same thing
Wunshwesen
A wish to be
Wish projection
Take aspects that we value and construct an image of God.
Wish projection
Take aspects that we value and construct an image of God.
Equivocal
To say two things at once
Double talk?
Says that God is so far beyond comprehension, that there is no relationship between God and the words we use.
Human language is unable to speak meaningfully about God.
Double talk?
Says that God is so far beyond comprehension, that there is no relationship between God and the words we use.
Human language is unable to speak meaningfully about God.
Neti, Neti
Not this....Not this
Aquinas' answer to univocal and equivacol
Analogy:
- Words we use to speak of God are analogical to God
- Language that one employs has been given by God
- By giving us language, God has given us language to truly speak of reality and the world.
Natural virtues
Wisdom
Moderation
Justice
Courage
These are discovered through God
Need to be completed by Divine virtues
Moderation
Justice
Courage
These are discovered through God
Need to be completed by Divine virtues
Divine (Theological) virtues
Faith
Hope
Love
Divine Gifts from God
Complete Natural virtues
Hope
Love
Divine Gifts from God
Complete Natural virtues
Friendship with God
True end of Man
Infusion of Virtues
Infusion of Virtues
Early Modernity
Renaissance
Humanism
Groups of scholars engaged in a project that involved "Going back to the sources"
tried to recover ancient text upon which Medieval philosophy is based on.
tried to recover ancient text upon which Medieval philosophy is based on.
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Humanist
Renee Descartes
1596-1650
Obsessed with epistemological questions and epistemological foundations that can provide us with a certainty of the world and reality
Looking for a foundation for the knowledge of our world
Obsessed with epistemological questions and epistemological foundations that can provide us with a certainty of the world and reality
Looking for a foundation for the knowledge of our world
Cogito ergo sum
"The cogito"
"I think, therefore, I am"
"I think, therefore, I am"
About this deck
By: Christopher Sanders
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 70 flashcards
Views: 25
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 70 flashcards
Views: 25
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj